陆军军医大学学报2026，Vol.48Issue(1)：1-14,14.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511066
高原哺乳动物对低氧与寒冷环境的生理适应:从器官系统到宿主-微生物协同共生
Physiological adaptation of plateau mammals to hypoxia and cold:From organ systems to host-microbiome collaborative symbiosis
摘要
Abstract
Animals primarily adapt to environmental changes through morphological,behavioral and physiological adjustments.Environmental factors,such as hypoxia,cold,and seasonal resource scarcity,pose significant challenges to animal survival.How to live in a cold and hypoxic environment with limited energy supply is a core survival challenge faced by the high-altitude animals.For mammals,the strategies of physiological adaptations to high-altitude and cold environments mainly included the respiratory and circulatory systems,energy metabolism and thermogenesis,genetic and molecular adaptations,and gut microbiota.In this article,we highlight how animals optimize the morphological changes in structure and function of the oxygen transport chain to enhance oxygen uptake efficiency,how animals maintain energy homeostasis through trade-offs between basal and maximum metabolic rates and thermogenic mechanisms,as well as the molecular genetic basis of hypoxia adaptation and the synergistic role of gut microbiota in aiding host adaptation.The mechanisms of physiological adaptation to high-altitude and cold environments for mammals can offer valuable insights for human adaptation to these environments,which are of great significance for advancing high-altitude medicine and addressing public health issues such as metabolic diseases.关键词
高原环境/褐色脂肪组织/非颤抖性产热/肠道微生物/生理适应Key words
high-altitude environment/brown adipose tissue/non-shivering thermogenesis/gut microbiota/physiological adaptation分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
王德华,郭娜..高原哺乳动物对低氧与寒冷环境的生理适应:从器官系统到宿主-微生物协同共生[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(1):1-14,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金重点项目(32330012) （32330012）
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32270508,32471581) Supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330012)and the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270508,32471581). （32270508,32471581）
