分析化学2025，Vol.53Issue(12)：1979-1987,中插5-中插6,11.DOI:10.19756/j.issn.0253-3820.251237
直接质谱分析技术在细菌检测中的研究进展
Advances in Direct Mass Spectrometry Technology for Bacterial Detection
摘要
Abstract
Direct mass spectrometry analysis employs a"de-cultivation″ strategy,which utilizes simple pretreatment methods(such as chemical lysis)to directly ionize biological molecules released by bacteria including proteins and metabolites,and generate characteristic fingerprint spectra.This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional bacterial detection methods,which rely on cultivation,are time-consuming,and exhibit high false-negative rates.Direct mass spectrometry technology has demonstrated significant advantages in clinical diagnostics,food safety,and environmental monitoring.This paper systematically compares the principles and performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS),and emerging ambient ionization sources such as paper spray ionization(PSI),secondary electrospray ionization(SESI),and direct analysis in real time(DART).Researches indicate that MALDI-TOF MS achieves over 95%accuracy in clinical bacterial identification,with a detection limit at the femtogram level.Novel ionization techniques,such as DART,have also demonstrated excellent performance,achieving a detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL for serum endotoxins and reducing the analysis time for food safety applications to as little as 10 minutes.Current challenges in this field include insufficient database coverage,difficulties in distinguishing closely related bacterial species,and signal suppression from complex matrices.Future development will prioritize the miniaturization of instruments,the integration of artificial intelligence in data analysis,and the incorporation of multi-omics to provide effective tools for the control of antimicrobial resistance and the implementation of precision medicine.关键词
直接质谱分析技术/细菌检测/基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱/电喷雾电离质谱/新型离子源技术/评述Key words
Direct mass spectrometry/Bacterial detection/Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry/Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/Novel ion source technology/Review引用本文复制引用
林婷,孙琪,王燕华,王晓芬..直接质谱分析技术在细菌检测中的研究进展[J].分析化学,2025,53(12):1979-1987,中插5-中插6,11.基金项目
江西中医药大学博士科研启动基金项目(No.2025BSZR003)资助. Supported by the Startup Fund for Scientific Research from Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2025BSZR003). （No.2025BSZR003）
