农业机械学报2026，Vol.57Issue(2)：32-45,14.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2026.02.004
穴粒数可调气吸式棉花精量排种器设计与试验
Design and Experiment of Precision Pneumatic Seed Metering Device with Adjustable Seeds per Hole for Cotton
摘要
Abstract
In view of the problems in the Yangtze River Basin,such as abundant rainfall during the post-wheat direct seeding period,easy compaction of heavy clay soil due to water evaporation,difficulty in seedling emergence and low emergence rate in conventional single-seed sowing,combined with the agronomic requirement of adjustable number of seeds per hill for cotton precision direct seeding in this region,a pneumatic seed metering device with adjustable seeds per hill was proposed.This device can realize single-seed suction,single-double-single seed suction and double-seed suction by adjusting the overlapping space of dual seed-suction discs to switch different combinations of suction holes.The structure and working principle of the device were elaborated,and the parameter design of key components was carried out.Based on the DEM-CFD coupling method,the influence laws of seed hole diameter,rotation speed of the seed metering disc and seed suction negative pressure on the seed metering performance were analyzed.Taking seed hole diameter,seed suction negative pressure and rotation speed of the seed metering disc as experimental factors,and qualified index,replay index and miss-seeding index as evaluation indicators,orthogonal optimization experiments were conducted.The results showed that under the optimal parameter combination verified by bench tests,i.e.,seed hole diameter of 3.3 mm,seed suction negative pressure of 4.3 kPa and rotation speed of the seed metering disc of 30 r/min,the qualified indexes,replay indexes and miss-seeding indexes corresponding to single-seed suction,single-double-single seed suction and double-seed suction were 94.1%,93.8%and 92.4%;5.34%,4.65%and 6.01%;0.56%,1.55%and 1.59%,respectively.Field experiments under the optimal parameter combination showed that when the operating speed was 6 km/h,the qualified index of seed metering was greater than 89.3%,the miss-seeding index was less than 4.42%,and the replay index was less than 6.28%.The later seedling emergence results showed that the emergence rates and the rates of missing and broken seedlings for single-seed sowing,single-double-single sowing and double-seed sowing were 78.98%,80.3%and 84.66%;19.24%,18.92%and 12.08%,respectively.Compared with single-seed sowing,double-seed sowing and single-double alternating sowing reduced the rate of missing and broken seedlings by 7.16 and 0.32 percentage points respectively,and increased the emergence rate by 5.68 and 4.36 percentage points,respectively.This effectively improved the seedling preservation rate,ensured the establishment of cotton population,which was conducive to mechanized full seedling emergence in one sowing as well as high and stable yield.关键词
棉花/单双粒可调/夏直播棉花/气吸式排种器/排种性能Key words
cotton/adjustable single and double seeds/summer direct-seeding cotton/pneumatic seed metering device/seeding performance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
魏松,丁幼春,董万静,廖青,王思达,农峰,黄强..穴粒数可调气吸式棉花精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2026,57(2):32-45,14.基金项目
湖北洪山实验室重大科研项目(2021hszd006)和湖北省棉花科技支撑计划项目(2024) （2021hszd006）
