人民长江2025，Vol.56Issue(12)：70-79,10.DOI:10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2025.12.007
洪湖富营养化特征及对策研究
Research on characteristics and countermeasures of eutrophication in Honghu Lake
摘要
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the ecological and environmental management of the Changjiang River Basin.However,the persistent challenges often represent long-standing issues,with thorough remediation posing considerable difficul-ties.Honghu Lake,a key focus lake in the 14th Five-Year Plan for the protection of the water ecological environment in the Changjiang River Basin,serves as a typical example.To this end,we studied the spatiotemporal characteristics of key water quality indicators in Honghu Lake from 2021 to 2023—namely chlorophyll-a,total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),and the per-manganate index(CODMn)—as well as their interannual trends from 1982 to 2023.Methods such as the quantile approach and the pressure-response relationship were employed to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus reference conditions and appropriate control standards for Honghu Lake.The results indicated that:① From 2021 to 2023,the water quality of Honghu Lake was pre-dominantly Class Ⅳ to worse than Class Ⅴ.The primary pollutants exceeding standards were TN and TP,followed by CODMn.Their average concentrations were 1.72 mg/L,0.132 mg/L,and 19.6 mg/L,respectively.The frequency with which the lake-wide average chlorophyll-a concentration exceeded 30 μg/L was 30%,and all areas of the lake experienced instances where chlorophyll-a exceeded 100 μg/L,raising concerns over water quality and ecological safety.Since 2016,nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Honghu Lake have shown a significant upward trend,indicating a worsening trend in water pollution.②The in-ferred reference condition for TP in Honghu Lake was approximately 0.029 mg/L,while the reference condition for TN likely fell within the range of 0.50～1.16 mg/L.Honghu Lake should continue to strengthen water pollution prevention and control,reduc-ing loads of nitrogen,phosphorus,and oxygen-consuming organic pollutants.Furthermore,the control of TN should not be over-looked.③ Systematic pollution control should focus on key areas such as the upstream regions and the Four Lakes main canal,with priority given to urban and rural domestic sewage,livestock and poultry farming,and agricultural cultivation.Appropriate ni-trogen and phosphorus control targets for inflowing rivers should be established from the perspective of the aquatic ecological secu-rity of the Four Lake Basins.It is recommended that management targets for TP and TN at key monitoring sections of rivers ente-ring the lake be set at 0.050 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L,respectively.关键词
富营养化/总氮/总磷/高锰酸盐指数/叶绿素a/分位值法/压力-响应关系法/基准值/洪湖Key words
eutrophication/total nitrogen/total phosphorus/permanganate index/chlorophyll-a/quantile approach method/the pressure-response relationship method/reference conditions/Honghu Lake分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
娄保锋,丁家琪,代晓颖,刘昔,黄波..洪湖富营养化特征及对策研究[J].人民长江,2025,56(12):70-79,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目"绿色小流域构建技术系统与应用示范"(2022YFC3203501) （2022YFC3203501）
