西南农业学报2025，Vol.38Issue(12)：2611-2618,8.DOI:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2025.12.08
禽肺单向流形成机制研究进展
Research progress on mechanisms of unidirectional pulmonary flow in avian species
摘要
Abstract
Over the long process of evolution,vertebrate respiratory systems have developed highly diverse structures and ventilation patterns.Among these,birds are unique for their coupling of rigid lungs,compliant air sacs and intrapulmonary unidirectional airflow.Unlike mam-mals,which primarily rely on tidal alveolar ventilation,most birds can maintain a fundamentally constant direction of unidirectional airflow within the parabronchi and gas exchange units throughout the entire respiratory cycle,thereby achieving high-efficiency ventilation and gas ex-change similar to a continuous flow.Notably,this unidirectional flow does not depend on anatomical mechanical valves,yet it maintains highly stable flow consistency during both inhalation and exhalation.The key mechanisms for its formation and maintenance have not yet been fully elucidated,making it a critical scientific issue at the intersection of animal physiology and biofluid mechanics.Based on a systematic review and summary of key research on avian unidirectional flow and the'aerodynamic valve'hypothesis over recent decades,the paper synthesized evidence from multiple disciplines including anatomy,animal physiology,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and evolutionary biology.From a multi-level perspective ranging from macroscopic structures to microscopic bronchial network topology,the paper reviewed and evaluated the formation and maintenance mechanisms of avian unidirectional flow.The article focused on the rectification mechanisms dominated by convec-tive inertia and jet effects during the inspiratory phase,and summarized and compared the primary models and hypotheses for'expiratory rec-tification'during the expiratory phase.Based on the current research,it was shown that intrapulmonary unidirectional flow was not determined by a single structure but was a systemic result of the multiscale coupling between air sac driving forces,bronchial topology,and local non-line-ar flows.Furthermore,the paper discussed the developmental conservation and potential evolutionary origins of avian unidirectional flow within the context of Archosaur evolution.It also outlined future research directions based on high-precision 3D reconstruction and multi-physics coupling,aiming to provide a scientific basis for parsing respiratory evolutionary mechanisms and for efficient fluid control and biomimetic ar-tificial lung engineering.关键词
禽肺/单向流/气动瓣膜/支气管拓扑/气囊/呼吸道/流体动力学Key words
Avian lung/Unidirectional flow/Aerodynamic valve/Bronchial topology/Air sac/Respiratory tract/Fluid dynamics分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杜龙环,杨朝武,余春林,邱莫寒,张增荣,熊柱翔,胡陈明,杨礼,张翠霞..禽肺单向流形成机制研究进展[J].西南农业学报,2025,38(12):2611-2618,8.基金项目
四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2026NSFSC0089) （2026NSFSC0089）
四川省农业科学院人才引进项目(NKYRCZX2025001) （NKYRCZX2025001）
四川省农业科学院自主创新拓展计划(NKYZZCX2025001) （NKYZZCX2025001）
国家现代农业产业体系(CARS-41-G07) （CARS-41-G07）
现代畜牧业专项(SASA2026CZYX002) （SASA2026CZYX002）
