中国畜牧兽医2026，Vol.53Issue(1)：81-93,13.DOI:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.008
重组活载体疫苗研究进展
Advances in Recombinant Live Vector Vaccine
摘要
Abstract
Recombinant live vector vaccines utilize attenuated pathogens as carriers to deliver target antigens,offering distinct advantages including potent immunogenicity,cost-effective production,and flexible immunization strategies.These vaccines demonstrate broad prospects in infectious disease prevention and tumor immunotherapy.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in bacterial and viral vector-based vaccines,with particular focus on their antigen expression characteristics,suitable animal models,and immunization efficacy.Regarding bacterial vectors,genetically modified Bacillus Calmette-Guérin expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens or immunomodulators significantly enhances immunization efficacy.Salmonella vectors exhibit outstanding performance in mucosal immunization and cancer therapy due to their suitability for oral administration.Lactic acid bacteria,as safe delivery platforms,effectively induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses.Additionally,Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis have shown promising progress in developing anti-infection and anti-tumor vaccines.Among viral vectors,Adenoviruses have been successfully employed in Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and swine influenza vaccines owing to their high transduction efficiency.Poxviruses are ideal for multivalent vaccine design due to their large capacity for foreign gene insertion.Herpesviruses demonstrate excellent immunogenicity when expressing Foot-and-mouth disease virus or Influenza virus antigens,while maintaining high safety profiles due to their restricted host range.RNA virus vectors such as Newcastle disease virus and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus serve as promising platforms for polyvalent vaccines,leveraging their unique replication features.Furthermore,enterovirus vectors show potential for treating neurological disorders.Despite these achievements,further improvements in immunogenicity,safety optimization,and scalable manufacturing remain key research priorities.This review provides valuable insights to guide future development and clinical translation of live vector vaccines.关键词
重组疫苗/免疫效果/病毒载体/细菌载体Key words
recombinant vaccines/immunization efficacy/viral vector/bacterial vector分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郭双霖,郝飞,刘永杰,秦浩然,陈蓉,马孙婷,冯志新,谢星..重组活载体疫苗研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2026,53(1):81-93,13.基金项目
江苏省科技计划专项(创新支撑计划国际科技合作)(BZ2023048) （创新支撑计划国际科技合作）
国家自然科学基金项目(32273011、32302909) （32273011、32302909）
江苏省科协托举工程项目(JSTJ-2023-093) （JSTJ-2023-093）
