表面技术2026，Vol.55Issue(1)：157-176,20.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.01.014
钛合金钝化膜结构及钝化动力学机理研究进展
Research Progress on the Structure and Passivation Kinetic Mechanism of Titanium Alloy Passivation Films
摘要
Abstract
Titanium alloy has become a critical material for upgrading engineering equipment due to its excellent corrosion resistance,high specific strength,superior fatigue performance and strong impact resistance,and its core corrosion resistance advantage is derived from the dynamic self-healing mechanism of the surface passivation film,namely good passivation and re-passivation capabilities.In natural environment,the surface atoms of titanium alloy will rapidly combine with oxygen and form a nanoscale passivation film through spontaneous passivation reactions to maintain a more stable thermodynamic state,which is mainly composed of densely arranged TiO2.The film will quickly self-heal through a re-passivation process when it is damaged,and isolate the substrate from corrosive medium effectively,thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the material.However,under complex service conditions such as those in marine engineering,aviation and aerospace,the"dissolution-formation"dynamic process of passivation film has significant effect on its steady-state film structure.That is,the dissolution and passivation processes occur simultaneously,and both of the two reaction rates jointly determine the actual state of the passivation film,thus determining the corrosion resistance.Therefore,characterizing the structure of titanium alloy passivation film and exploring the passivation kinetics behavior in the environment is of great significance for analyzing the safety and reliability of titanium alloys in service and optimizing the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys.The core support of materials research is characterization techniques,and its development level directly determines the depth of understanding of the essential laws of materials.In view of this,the current research status of the characterization techniques for the passivation film structure of titanium alloys is reviewed,the latest research results regarding the thickness,composition,morphology characterization,and physical structural model establishment of the passivation film is expounded,and the atomic/nanoscale analysis of the dynamic growth process and interface characteristics of passivation films is further conducted.Furthermore,based on the in-depth development of metal passivation theory,various kinetics models have become important tools for revealing the dynamic behavior of passivation films,systematically describing the dynamic laws during film formation,growth and destruction process.In recent years,the combination of passivation kinetics models with other theories has emerged as a prominent research hotspot.Researchers have attempted to integrate new elements on the basis of classical models,such as combining density functional theory(DFT),to reveal the microscopic process of passivation behavior at the atomic scale.The characteristics of typical metal kinetics models are also discussed,including High-Field Model,Atomic Position Exchange Model and Point Defect Model,and some of the new models developed thereby are briefly mentioned.The first two models mainly serve for initial stage models of the growth of passivation films,explaining the process of forming passivation films on the surface without a film,while the Point Defect Model is a physical model that integrates microscopic particle migration mechanism and long-range defect movement,describing the steady-state process of passivation films gradually increasing in thickness from the initial stage to dynamic equilibrium.Since the passivation process of titanium alloys is essentially the result of the synergistic effect of the material and the medium environment,researches also pay attention to the effect of two major dimensions that intrinsic properties of the material and the external environmental conditions on the passivation behavior of titanium alloys.Combined with the future application and promotion of titanium alloys in marine environment,the specific affecting factors are the material intrinsic parameters such as the elemental composition and microstructure morphology of titanium alloys for marine,as well as the marine environmental parameters.Therefore,the effect laws of the composition and microstructure of titanium alloys for marine engineering,as well as the major factors of marine environment such as chloride ions,pH value,dissolved oxygen content and hydrostatic pressure on passivation film structure and corrosion resistance are analyzed based on the point defect model.This provides theoretical support for studying the passivation kinetics behavior in marine environment and the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys.关键词
钛合金/钝化膜/钝化动力学/耐蚀性/海洋环境Key words
titanium alloy/passivation film/passivation kinetics mechanism/corrosion resistance/marine environment分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
王泽政,查小琴,房坤,孙晓栋,徐阳,罗先甫,王佳,孙绪鲁,张欣耀..钛合金钝化膜结构及钝化动力学机理研究进展[J].表面技术,2026,55(1):157-176,20.基金项目
海洋腐蚀与防护全国重点实验室基金项目(JS246601) Research Fund of National Key Laboratory of Marine Corrosion and Protection of Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute under the contract(JS246601) （JS246601）
