大气科学2025，Vol.49Issue(6)：1763-1778,16.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2501.24075
2022年春季中国南方极端低温的可能机制分析
Analysis of Potential Mechanism of the Extreme Low Temperature in Southern China during the Spring of 2022
摘要
Abstract
Extreme low-temperature events often have remarkable effects on human lives and crop growth.Therefore,it is important to analyze the causes of such events.This study utilized CN05.1 temperature observation data and ERA5 reanalysis data for the period 1980-2022 to examine the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the extreme low-temperature event that occurred in southern China(20°N-30°N,100°E-122°E)in May 2022.The circulation background and possible factors affecting this event were determined.The analysis revealed that the intensity of this event was strong,with the temperature being lower than three standard deviations compared with the average state of May 1980-2022.Besides,the cold lasted up to 31 days and affected an area of more than 1.5 million square kilometers.Thus,it was the strongest extreme low-temperature event since 1980.Further analysis revealed a significant wave train in the middle troposphere over the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia and an anomalous low pressure over southern China,which caused the cold air in the middle and high latitudes to move deep south.Concurrently,because of the re-intensified La Niña in the equatorial Middle East Pacific,the convective suppression center became more westerly and stronger,and the related Rossby wave formed an anomalous anticyclone to the east of the Philippines.Subsequently,the southerly wind on the west side of this anticyclone transported warm and humid air from the ocean to southern China.This air converged with the cold air to generate convection that significantly reduced the surface net shortwave radiation and further lowered the temperature.Thus,the extreme low-temperature event in southern China in May 2022 was the result of the joint action of the circulation related to cold air activity and the Philippine anticyclone.The reproduced temperature obtained using the fitting equation constructed by considering these two factors reaches-2 times the standard deviation.关键词
极端低温/异常反气旋/La NiñaKey words
Extreme low temperature/Anomalous anticyclone/La Niña分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
卢楚莹,祁莉..2022年春季中国南方极端低温的可能机制分析[J].大气科学,2025,49(6):1763-1778,16.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目2022YFF0801602 National Key Research and Development Program on Monitoring of China(Grant 2022YFF0801602) （Grant 2022YFF0801602）
