海洋渔业2025，Vol.47Issue(6)：747-759,13.
长江口鳗苗网兼捕鱼类群落结构及损害性分析
Community structure and damage analysis of eel fry net bycatch in the Yangtze River Estuary
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the community structure characteristics and ecological impacts of eel fry net bycatch in the Yangtze River Estuary,samples were collected from fixed eel fry nets in the northern and southern waters of the estuary during March and April 2024.A total of 6 427 bycatch individuals,representing 39 species across 13 orders,24 families,and 36 genera,were recorded.The assemblage was dominated by Perciformes(18 species)and Clupeiformes(7 species);based on ecological type,the catch included 19 marine species,16 estuarine sedentary species,2 migratory species,and 2 freshwater species.Dominant species included Odontamblyopus lacepedii,Syngnathus schlegeli,Cynoglossus joyneri,and Coilia nasus.Diversity indices for the fish community were as follows:Shannon-Wiener index(H')ranged from 1.08 to 2.16,Simpson's index(C)from 0.40 to 0.84,Pielou's evenness index(J')from 0.29 to 0.59,and Margalef's richness index(D)from 2.56 to 3.87.The ABC curve analysis revealed a negative W value(-0.048)in the northern area,indicating that the community was disturbed,whereas the southern area had a near-zero positive W value(0.009),suggesting a relatively stable community structure.CPUE of eel fry bycatch was generally higher in the southern than in the northern region,and higher in March than in April.After the fishing ban,species richness at the southern stations declined from 39-43 to 33,while the bycatch damage rate increased from 1.53-14.48 to 16.25.Although Odontamblyopus lacepedii remained the top dominant species,the IRI decreased,with increases in the proportions of Cynoglossus joyneri and Syngnathus schlegeli.These changes indicated a replacement among dominant species and a shift toward a more balanced dominance structure.Overall,the bycatch community structure and ecological impacts exhibited significant spatial and temporal variations.While the major species showed some overlap across regions,dominant species composition,fish density,and CPUE varied markedly.As a systematic baseline investigation in the Yangtze River Estuary,this study provides essential reference data for evaluating the ecological impact of glass eel fishing.Future research should involve multi-temporal and spatial monitoring to assess the long-term effects of fishing activities on estuarine fish communities,thereby supporting sustainable management of aquatic resources.关键词
长江口/鳗苗网/群落结构/禁渔/兼捕损害性/种类组成Key words
Yangtze River Estuary/eel fry net/community structure/fishing ban/bycatch damage/species composition分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郑苍淞,王思凯,袁瑞,贾金涛,陈月爽,周竹黎,赵峰..长江口鳗苗网兼捕鱼类群落结构及损害性分析[J].海洋渔业,2025,47(6):747-759,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2401004) （2024YFD2401004）
上海市科技创新行动计划(24N12800500) （24N12800500）
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2024XT1001,2023TD14) （2024XT1001,2023TD14）
