江苏农业学报2025，Vol.41Issue(12)：2350-2358,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.12.008
不同磷肥施用量对新疆冬小麦种植区土壤微生物群落结构和冬小麦产量的影响
Effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on soil microbial community structure and winter wheat yield in winter wheat growing are-as of Xinjiang
摘要
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of soil salinization and microbial community imbalance caused by excessive appli-cation of phosphorus fertilizer in winter wheat growing areas in Xinjiang,this study set up three gradient phosphorus fertilizer application rate treatments,namely phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 185 kg/hm2(T1),phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 157 kg/hm2(T2)and phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 130 kg/hm2(T3).The effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on soil ecological environment and crop yield were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the soil organic matter content in T2 and T3 treatments was signifi-cantly higher than that in T1 treatment(P＜0.05),which was because the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroi-dota bacteria and Basidiomycota fungi in T2 and T3 treatments were higher than those in T1 treatment.These microorgan-isms can promote the accumulation of soil organic matter by secreting various enzymes.The soil available phosphorus con-tent in T2 treatment was significantly higher than that in T3 treatment(P＜0.05),which was due to the fact that the rela-tive abundances of Escherichia-Shigella(Proteobacteria)and Vishniacozyma(Basidiomycota)in T2 treatment were higher than those in T3 treatment.These microorganisms can promote soil phosphorus cycle and increase available phosphorus con-tent.The contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in T3 treatment(P＜0.05),because the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota bacteria in T3 treatment were lower than those in T2 treatment,and Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota bacteria play an important role in ammonification.In alkaline soil environment with pH＞7,ammonium nitrogen is more likely to volatilize in the form of NH3.The soil pH value in T2 treatment was significantly lower than that in T3 treatment(P＜0.05).Consequently,the nitrate nitrogen content in T2 treatment was significantly higher than that in T3 treatment(P＜0.05).The Chao1 index and ACE index of soil fungal community in T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in T1 treatment(P＜0.05).The number of effective panicles and grain yield of wheat in T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in T1 and T3 treatments(P＜0.05).In conclu-sion,in the light saline-alkali soil of wheat growing areas in Xinjiang,the phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 157 kg/hm2 can significantly optimize soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community structure.The findings of this study provide a theoretical and practical basis for precise management of phosphorus fertilizer in winter wheat producing areas in Xinjiang.关键词
冬小麦/磷肥/土壤微生物群落/土壤理化性质/产量Key words
winter wheat/phosphate fertilizer/soil microbial community/soil physicochemical properties/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
何晓菊,付为国..不同磷肥施用量对新疆冬小麦种植区土壤微生物群落结构和冬小麦产量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2025,41(12):2350-2358,9.基金项目
国家科技重大专项(2022ZD0115801) （2022ZD0115801）
"新一代人工智能"重大项目(2022ZD0115801) （2022ZD0115801）
