南通大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.24Issue(4)：36-47,12.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20241206001
尿素合成的电催化碳氮偶联机理及催化剂设计策略
Electrocatalytic carbon-nitrogen coupling mechanism and catalyst design strategy for urea synthesis
摘要
Abstract
Urea,as an important nitrogen fertilizer,is widely used in agriculture and chemical industry.However,tradi-tional industrial synthesis processes have high energy consumption and large carbon emissions,imposing significant environmental pressure.To achieve low-energy and environmentally friendly urea synthesis,electrocatalytic carbon-nitrogen(C-N)coupling reactions have become a research hotspot.However,this process faces challenges such as slow reactant adsorption,significant competing side reactions,and complex multi-step pathways,resulting in limited urea yield and selectivity.The development of efficient catalysts is the key breakthrough:the structure and composition of catalysts directly affect the adsorption,activation,and conversion efficiency of reactants,while also determining the stability and energy consumption of the reaction system.Starting from the C-N coupling mechanism,this paper re-views the reaction mechanisms based on different carbon and nitrogen sources,focuses on catalyst optimization strate-gies including heteroatom doping,defect engineering,facet control,atomic-scale design,alloying,and heterostructure construction,and summarizes the latest research progress to provide technical reference for improving electrocatalytic performance.In addition,this paper analyzes the challenges of industrial application of electrocatalysts,including cata-lyst stability,reaction condition optimization,and cost control,and proposes future research directions to support clean urea production and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and artificial nitrogen cycle goals.关键词
尿素/碳氮偶联/电催化/反应机理/催化剂设计Key words
urea/C-N coupling/electrocatalysis/reaction mechanism/catalyst design分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
马春阳,周海燕,宦云飞,刘思鸶,晏成林..尿素合成的电催化碳氮偶联机理及催化剂设计策略[J].南通大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,24(4):36-47,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52401284) （52401284）
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20240957) （BK20240957）
