南通大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.24Issue(4)：60-73,14.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20241205001
铂基氧还原电催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用及研究进展
Research progress and application of platinum-based oxygen reduction electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
摘要
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have broad application prospects under the"dual carbon"strategy due to their high energy density and low emissions.However,their commercialization process is still con-strained by cost and durability,with the main bottleneck being the sluggish kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),which relies on high-loading platinum-based catalysts.Although reducing platinum loading can con-trol costs,it often leads to a decrease in active sites and an increase in mass transfer resistance,resulting in perfor-mance degradation.Additionally,the carbon support of platinum catalysts is prone to corrosion,causing structural col-lapse and affecting lifespan.Based on the PEMFC reaction mechanism,this paper systematically reviews the research progress of cathode electrocatalysts.For platinum-based materials,it focuses on analyzing the quantum size effect of single-atom catalysts,coordination regulation of alloy catalysts,nanostructure design under low loadings,and the rela-tionship between electronic structure and activity revealed by density functional theory(DFT).Research results show that regulating catalyst morphology(such as branched structures and crystal facet orientation),electronic properties(d-band center and oxygen binding energy),and support interaction can optimize the ORR pathway and break through traditional activity limitations.In terms of preparation,wet chemical methods,electrodeposition,and vapor deposition techniques significantly affect particle size,defects,strain,and metal-support bonding.Single-atom catalysts require precise control of precursor coordination to achieve atomic-level dispersion,while multi-component alloys rely on temperature-programmed reduction to regulate phase separation and form ordered structures.Future development direc-tions include:constructing three-dimensional nanostructures to enhance specific activity,utilizing strong metal-support interactions to inhibit agglomeration,and combining machine learning to accelerate screening.Meanwhile,developing non-carbon supports(such as oxides and nitrides)and single-atom-cluster composite structures is expected to break through the durability bottleneck.These studies will provide support for the large-scale application of PEMFCs in transportation and distributed power generation fields.关键词
铂基催化剂/氧还原反应/质子交换膜燃料电池/铂单原子/铂合金Key words
platinum-based catalyst/oxygen reduction reaction/proton exchange membrane fuel cell/platinum single atom/platinum alloy分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
张路平,陈思杰,许舒雅,张静雯,张莉芳,钱涛,李同飞..铂基氧还原电催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用及研究进展[J].南通大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,24(4):60-73,14.基金项目
江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究面上项目(24KJB150026) （自然科学）
