水产学报2026，Vol.50Issue(3)：112-125,14.DOI:10.11964/jfc.20240114335
综合生态净化系统对凡纳滨对虾养殖尾水的净化效果
Purification effect of integrated ecological purification system on tail water of Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture
摘要
Abstract
Aquaculture has rapidly expanded to meet the growing global demand for animal protein,but the discharge of nutri-ent-rich effluent poses significant environmental challenges.Therefore,this study explores an efficient and sustainable ecolo-gical treatment technology,the integrated ecological purification system,to improve aquaculture effluent quality and support the industry's long-term ecological balance.In order to understand the purification effect of the integrated ecological purifica-tion system on the aquaculture tail water of Litopenaeus vannamei continuous freshwater pond,the water quality index of each unit in the system was monitored for two consecutive years.High-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics ana-lysis were employed to analyze the microbial community structures in each unit.Correlation analysis and random forest regres-sion model were utilized to assess the relationship between dominant microorganisms and water quality factors.The results indicated that,according to the requirements of Shanghai Municipal Aquaculture Tail Water Standard(DB31/1 405-2023),the main pollutants exceeding the standard in the aquaculture effluent were TSS and TN,with exceedance rates of 36.84%and 5.26%,respectively.After treatment in each unit of the system,significant reductions(P<0.05)were observed in the concentra-tions of TSS,TN,TP,CODMn,and TAN,resulting in effluent water quality meeting the standards.The microbial richness increased along the treatment units(P>0.05),with Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,and Cyanobacteria being the dominant phyla.The top five dominant bacteria genera explained 51.50%,23.42%and 18.44%of the variation in NO3-N,TN and TAN concentrations,respectively.The hgcI_clade was the most dominant bacterium,whose abundance gradually increased along the unit,and exhibited a significant negative correlation with TN and NOx(P<0.05).Overall,the comprehensive ecological purific-ation system significantly improved the water quality of aquaculture effluent.Different treatment units exhibited varying effects on improving different water quality indicators in the effluent.Microbial communities capable of promoting nutrient metabol-ism gradually became dominant along the treatment units,significantly influencing the removal of nitrogen pollutants from the effluent.This study provides valuable insights for the practical application and further optimization of multi-level aquaculture effluent treatment systems.关键词
凡纳滨对虾/养殖尾水/生态净化系统/水质净化/微生物群落结构Key words
Litopenaeus vannamei/aquaculture wastewater/ecological purification system/water quality purification/micro-bial community structure分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
王凌宇,江敏,吴昊,李昊霖,舒达..综合生态净化系统对凡纳滨对虾养殖尾水的净化效果[J].水产学报,2026,50(3):112-125,14.基金项目
上海市南美白对虾产业技术体系建设项目(沪农科产字[2022]第5号) Shanghai Litopenaeus vannamei Industrial Technology System[Agricultural Research System of Shanghai,China[2022]No.5] （沪农科产字[2022]第5号）
