能源环境保护2026，Vol.40Issue(1)：68-79,12.DOI:10.20078/j.eep.20251104
锂矿石冶炼渣关键金属提取与高值化研究进展
Research Progress on Key Metal Extraction and High-Value Utilization of Lithium Ore Smelting Slag
摘要
Abstract
Lithium ore smelting slag is a major bulk solid by-product generated from conventional pyro-hydrometallurgical lithium extraction processes.Developing efficient resource utilization and high-value conversion technologies for this material is crucial for reducing China's dependency on external lithium resources,ensuring the stability and security of the new energy industry chain,and promoting green,low-carbon development.Current research has employed various techniques,such as combined pyro-hydrometallurgy and alkali roasting,to enhance lithium leaching kinetics and enable the co-recovery of associated critical metals such as rubidium(Rb),cesium(Cs),and aluminum(Al).Specifically,pyro-hydrometallurgical approaches can achieve lithium leaching efficiencies exceeding 97％,while subsequent processing of recovered lithium salts via molten-salt electrolysis or thermal reduction,followed by vacuum refining,can yield lithium metal with purity exceeding 98％,potentially reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution.Additionally,solvent extraction and electrochemical methods have shown considerable potential for selective lithium recovery.For associated metals such as Rb,Cs,and Al,high-temperature roasting followed by acid leaching can achieve Rb recovery efficiencies of up to 93.09％,although this method faces challenges regarding energy consumption and product purity.Beyond metal recovery,lithium slag demonstrates significant potential in the production of value-added construction and functional materials such as high-performance ternary geopolymers,cement,and molecular sieves.For instance,under optimized mix designs,incorporating 5％lithium slag as a supplementary cementitious material can reduce energy consumption and achieve 28-day compressive strengths exceeding 80 MPa,demonstrating excellent engineering applicability.Furthermore,lithium slag can be synthesized into environmentally friendly materials such as ternary geopolymers and NaX zeolites.The former exhibits high immobilization efficiency for various heavy metals,while the latter possesses a well-defined structure and superior adsorption performance.Despite these advances,several challenges persist,including incomplete lithium extraction,low recovery efficiencies of critical metals,and the lack of standardized processing systems.Accordingly,this review systematically analyzes the physicochemical characteristics of lithium smelting slag,including its chemical composition and occurrence modes.It summarizes mainstream recovery techniques for valuable metals(Li,Rb,Cs)and evaluates recent advances in producing high-value-added products.Finally,the study outlines a sustainable technology framework centered on"source reduction,low-carbon processing,and end-stage high-value conversion,"emphasizing rapid activation,multi-component selective separation,and full-process system integration.This work aims to provide theoretical guidance and mechanistic insights to support the development of green recycling technologies for lithium ore smelting slag.关键词
锂矿冶炼渣/锂提取/资源化/高值化/胶凝材料Key words
Lithium ore smelting slag/Lithium extraction/Resource utilization/High-value utilization/Cementitious materials分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
王振州,罗旭彪,游延峰,丁超阁,何承瑞,姚丽,刘添,魏冬冬,陈素华,杨利明..锂矿石冶炼渣关键金属提取与高值化研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2026,40(1):68-79,12.基金项目
中国科学院关键核心技术攻坚先导专项资助(XDC0230100) （XDC0230100）
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFC3909701) （2024YFC3909701）
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金资助项目(U24A20194) （U24A20194）
