能源环境保护2026，Vol.40Issue(1)：80-93,14.DOI:10.20078/j.eep.20251206
废旧三元锂电池正极材料中有价金属的短程高值化利用研究进展
Advances in High-Value Short-Process Utilization of Valuable Metals from Spent Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries
摘要
Abstract
Driven by"Dual Carbon"goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),particularly those featuring ternary cathode materials(LiNixCoyMnzC2,NCM),has emerged as a crucial step toward achieving resource circularity and emission reduction.Conventional recycling techniques,such as pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes,are often hindered by high energy consumption,complex multi-step procedures,and the production of low-value outputs such as basic metal salts.These limitations present significant economic and environmental bottlenecks.Consequently,shifting the paradigm from"metal recovery"to high-value"material regeneration"is imperative.In recent years,utilization routes that directly convert leaching solutions into cathode material precursors have gained significant traction.However,research in this area remains relatively fragmented,lacking systematic consolidation and critical evaluation.This review provides a comprehensive examination of technological progress in the pretreatment of spent ternary LIBs,metal leaching,and leachate purification.It then analyzes three primary high-value utilization pathways derived from metal-rich leachates:co-precipitation,spray pyrolysis,and sol-gel methods.For each pathway,the working principles,technical advantages,and industrialization challenges are elucidated.A comparative analysis is conducted regarding their adaptability to variable waste streams,recovery efficiency(balancing metal yield and product purity),engineering scalability(addressing continuous production and equipment design),and the electrochemical performance of the regenerated materials.Despite their promise,these pathways face common challenges:sensitivity to feedstock composition and the trade-off between reagent consumption and economic viability;technical barriers to process scaling and continuous operation;and a performance ceiling,where regenerated materials often merely restore rather than exceed the properties of their virgin counterparts.To overcome these challenges and accelerate the industrialization of high-value LIB recycling,future research and development should focus on several integrated directions:(1)developing intelligent,adaptive processes capable of handling complex feedstocks through real-time monitoring and machine learning;(2)innovating low-carbon,short-process technologies and integrated reaction-separation systems to minimize energy and reagent use;(3)advancing equipment design and process engineering to enable efficient,stable large-scale production;and(4)exploring intrinsic performance-enhancing strategies during recycling,such as targeted doping or microstructure engineering,to elevate the functionality and value of regenerated cathode materials beyond conventional levels.This review aims to provide a structured reference and actionable insights to facilitate the industrial adoption of high-value recycling technologies for spent lithium-ion batteries.关键词
废旧三元锂电池/湿法冶金工艺/有价金属提取/高值化利用/材料再生Key words
Spent ternary lithium-ion batteries/Hydrometallurgical process/Valuable metal extraction/High-value utilization/Material regeneration分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
陈子宇,高洁,夏永高..废旧三元锂电池正极材料中有价金属的短程高值化利用研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2026,40(1):80-93,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A20305) （U21A20305）
