中国农业信息2025，Vol.37Issue(3)：111-122,12.DOI:10.12105/j.issn.1672-0423.20250309
世界梯田的分布、发展模式及经验启示
Distribution,development patterns,and lessons of the World's Terraces
摘要
Abstract
[Purpose]As a manifestation of human wisdom in adapting to mountainous environments,terraced fields are a globally significant agricultural heritage and ecological landscape.The protection and development of terraced fields have an important impact on the continuation of farming civilizations.[Method]This paper systematically reviewed the origin,distribution,development patterns,and current challenges of terraced fields worldwide and summarized key insights.[Result](1)Terraces originated in the late Neolithic period,evolving independently across multiple centres and predominantly are distributed across Asia,South America,the Mediterranean region,and Africa.In Asia,terraces primarily supported rice cultivation,forming a culturally dominant model characterised by"harmony between man and land";the Mediterranean region featured mixed cropping systems,developing an economically dominant model;while the Andes in the Americas showcased precision engineering,establishing a technology-driven model.Africa,meanwhile,developed an institution-driven model underpinned by intergenerational transmission.(2)Terraces worldwide now face severe challenges including labour shortages,gaps in traditional knowledge,and the impacts of climate change.Rural depopulation has made terrace maintenance difficult,while extreme weather events have exacerbated soil erosion and ecosystem degradation.[Conclusion]To address these issues,this article proposes three main protection approaches:first,to implement strict protective measures to maintain the function of terraced fields through legislation,ecological restoration,and cultural continuity;second,to promote the integrated development of agriculture,culture,and tourism,with agriculture as the foundation,culture as the soul,and tourism as the market,achieving a win-win of ecological protection and cultural heritage;third,to increase subsidies for producers,using economic incentives to sustain farming enthusiasm and ensure the sustainability of the terraced field system.关键词
梯田/农业文化遗产/分布模式/可持续发展/生态保护Key words
terraced fields/agricultural cultural heritage/distribution patterns/sustainable development/ecological protection引用本文复制引用
周颖,李晓琳,尤飞,马遇伯..世界梯田的分布、发展模式及经验启示[J].中国农业信息,2025,37(3):111-122,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目"多因素作用下丹江口库区流域农田面源污染形成机制"(2024YD1702001) （2024YD1702001）
国家自然科学基金项目"黄淮海区作物种植结构时空演变及其驱动机制研究"(42471406) （42471406）
中国农业科学院项目"哈尼梯田农业生产绿色系统研究"(Y2021YJ12) （Y2021YJ12）
