铁道标准设计2026，Vol.70Issue(1)：170-178,9.DOI:10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202403200003
超构吸声材料在轨道交通隧道中的低频降噪性能分析
Analysis of Low-Frequency Noise Reduction Performance of Metamaterials in Rail Transit Tunnels
摘要
Abstract
In the urban rail transit tunnel environments,traditional noise-reduction and sound-absorbing panels primarily absorb mid-to high-frequency noise,making it difficult to effectively cover low-frequency noise simultaneously.A metamaterial sound-absorbing component with excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance was designed to meet the low-frequency noise control requirements in rail transit tunnels.Based on the sound absorption principle of the Helmholtz resonator with embedded apertures(HREA),a metamaterial sound-absorbing unit was designed.Using the mathematical model for optimizing the metamaterial unit structure,a multi-stage parallel metamaterial sound-absorbing component with excellent low-frequency performance was developed.Finite element simulations and experimental tests were conducted to evaluate its sound absorption performance.To analyze the noise reduction effect of the metamaterial component in the tunnel sound field,a coupled acoustic boundary element model(BEM)of the vehicle-body,wheel-rail,and tunnel was established.The impedance data of the metamaterial component were applied to the track plate model surface to characterize its sound absorption performance.A comparative analysis of the sound field distribution inside the tunnel was conducted before and after embedding the metamaterial component,including sound pressure level distribution cloud maps at the bogie and passenger compartment sections,as well as the maximum sound pressure level variation curves for both sections.The results showed that the average sound absorption coefficient from was 0.91,and that from impedance tube testing was 0.88.After applying the metamaterial impedance,effective noise reduction was observed at all six frequency points in the 100～500 Hz low-frequency range inside the tunnel.The maximum sound pressure level in the middle vehicle area decreased by an average of 13.2 dB,with a maximum reduction of 26.3 dB.The maximum sound pressure level in the bogie area decreased by an average of 6.7 dB,with a maximum reduction of 14.7 dB.The component demonstrates the ability to absorb low-frequency noise in rail transit tunnels.The proposed metamaterial sound-absorbing component and its noise reduction analysis method provide a foundation for engineering applications aimed at solving low-frequency noise problems in rail transit tunnels.关键词
轨道交通/隧道噪声/声学超构材料/低频降噪/超构吸声材料Key words
rail transit/tunnel noise/acoustic metamaterial/low-frequency noise reduction/sound-absorbing metamaterial分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
刘艳,谢文韬,周国建,李秋彤..超构吸声材料在轨道交通隧道中的低频降噪性能分析[J].铁道标准设计,2026,70(1):170-178,9.基金项目
上海张江国家自主创新示范区专项发展资金项目(ZJ2021-ZD-006) （ZJ2021-ZD-006）
