信号处理2025，Vol.41Issue(12)：1892-1907,16.DOI:10.12466/xhcl.2025.12.003
低轨巨型星座前向散射探测系统建模与性能分析
Modeling and Performance Analysis of Low-Earth-Orbit Mega-Constellation Forward Scatter Detection System
摘要
Abstract
In light of the persistent surveillance requirements for aerial targets in the context of low-Earth-orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networking,a novel technical approach can be developed by the integration of LEO satellite network-ing characteristics and forward-scatter detection technology to enhance aerial situational awareness.However,existing satellite-ground detection analysis methods do not involve systematic investigation of forward-scattering detection net-works in scenarios of dynamic mega-LEO constellation.First,to clarify the parameter applicability range of the forward-scatter detection system in LEO mega-constellations,we established a forward-scatter bistatic power model and a maxi-mum detection range model.These models are based on parametric evaluations of the detection performance of single-transmitter-single-receiver basic units constituting the system for targets of different sizes.Second,within the applicable parameter range,the detection coverage of the joint network comprising basic units is modeled as a collection of"shadow cone units".Based on the geometric constraints and performance boundaries inherent in forward-scatter detec-tion,two key metrics are proposed for evaluating system performance:effective coverage ratio and detectable elevation threshold.Finally,simulations of dynamic constellation scenarios across four LEO mega-constellation development stages reveal the geometric coverage capability and detection performance boundaries of the forward-scatter network in a"multiple-transmitters-single-receiver"configuration.This study demonstrates that when the typical distance between the satellite and the aerial target is 600 km,the coherent integration time of the received signal is 1 ms,and the effective isotropic radiated power(EIRP)of the satellite is≥45 dBW,reliable detection of 100 m2-level targets are achieved by ground receiving stations at a range of 10000 m.Under the parameters of Starlink-like constellation,if the wavelength-to-target contour size ratio is≥0.2,with 9998 satellites and a system observation cutoff elevation≥15°,the system achieves an average effective geometric coverage of 78.36%of the conical airspace.Furthermore,in airspace with detec-tion elevations>20.2°,the system can cover targets with a cruise altitude of 1 km and a square contour size of 5 m.In this study,the detection performance boundaries of LEO mega-constellation forward-scatter detection systems are quan-tified systematically for the first time and the system detection capabilities at different mega-constellation development stages are revealed,providing theoretical support and parameter optimization pathways for the design of next-generation space-air collaborative detection systems.关键词
低轨卫星/前向散射/空中目标探测/性能分析Key words
low-orbit satellites/forward scattering/aerial target detection/performance analysis分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
嵇志敏,李宗楠,刘小汇..低轨巨型星座前向散射探测系统建模与性能分析[J].信号处理,2025,41(12):1892-1907,16.基金项目
全国重点实验室稳定支持科研项目(WDZC2025250104) Key National Laboratory Stable Support Research Project(WDZC2025250104) （WDZC2025250104）
