现代纺织技术2026，Vol.34Issue(1)：11-20,10.DOI:10.12477∕j.att.202503029
聚酰胺6活性阴离子合成技术研究进展
Research progress in active anionic synthesis technology of polyamide 6
摘要
Abstract
In recent years,significant advancements have been achieved in the synthesis of polyamide 6(PA6)via caprolactam active anionic ring-opening polymerization,encompassing breakthroughs in fundamental theories,process optimization and industrial applications.This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress in this field.First,the polymerization mechanism,the influence of reaction conditions,and causes of side reactions are systematically analyzed.Studies reveal that optimizing the initiator system and reaction conditions can significantly improve the molecular weight uniformity and polymerization efficiency of PA6.Furthermore,tailored catalyst-initiator combinations and temperature regulation enable the suppression of side reactions,thus improving product quality. Subsequently,recent developments in caprolactam polymerization technology based on active anionic ring-opening polymerization across multiple domains are introduced.In reactive extrusion processes,integrating polymerization and devolatilization within a twin-screw extruder enables continuous,rapid production of PA6,offering advantages in energy efficiency and scalability.For copolymerization modification,precise incorporation of functional comonomers has facilitated the development of PA6 materials with higher thermal stability,mechanical strength or flame retardancy.The combination of caprolactam active anionic ring-opening polymerization with electrospinning processes has yielded ultrafine PA6 nanofibers for filtration and biomedical applications.In addition,monomer casting of PA6 benefits from the rapid curing characteristics of anionic polymerization,enabling swift fabrication of high-performance engineering plastics.In-situ blending studies further demonstrate the compatibility of actively polymerized PA6 with fillers and polymers,thus expanding its application in composites. Finally,this paper explores the potential of caprolactam active anionic ring-opening polymerization of PA6 for fiber manufacturing.A novel synthesis process is proposed,integrating caprolactam active anionic ring-opening polymerization with reactive extrusion,devolatilization and melt spinning.This approach aims to bypass conventional energy-intensive and pollution-heavy steps such as pelletizing,extraction,drying and remelting,thereby reducing both production costs and environmental impact for PA6.Compared to traditional hydrolytic ring-opening polymerization methods,this technology demonstrates superior efficiency and significantly lower energy consumption.It holds promise for advancing next-generation polyamide materials,addressing global sustainability challenges while meeting high-performance requirements.关键词
聚酰胺6/阴离子开环聚合/熔融纺丝/改性/研究进展Key words
polyamide 6/anionic ring-opening polymerization/melt spinning/modification/research progress分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
张旭阳,刘可,戴钧明,吕汪洋,陈文兴..聚酰胺6活性阴离子合成技术研究进展[J].现代纺织技术,2026,34(1):11-20,10.基金项目
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LDQ23E030001) （LDQ23E030001）
