现代纺织技术2026，Vol.34Issue(1)：41-49,9.DOI:10.12477∕j.att.202503047
基于双向形状记忆效应的环境自适应热管理织物的制备与性能
Preparation and performance of environmentally adaptive thermal management fabrics based on bidirectional shape memory effect
摘要
Abstract
Traditional textiles struggle to dynamically adapt to environmental temperature fluctuations due to their static thermal properties,leading to ineffective maintenance of human thermal comfort.Current intelligent thermal management technologies,such as phase change material(PCM)-based textiles,face challenges like poor cyclic stability and unadjustable thermal conductivity.Thermally responsive fabrics based on perfluorosulfonic acid(Nafion)also suffer from high costs and response hysteresis.Bidirectional shape memory polymers(SMPs),with programmable phase transition temperatures and dynamic deformation capabilities,offer a new approach for developing adaptive thermal management textiles.This study aims to design a bidirectional shape memory polyurethane(PU)with a dual-crystalline phase structure and fabricate environmentally adaptive thermal insulation batting and thermal management fabrics.The goal is to dynamically regulate thermal resistance at the skin-fabric interface,so as to address the challenge of maintaining human thermal comfort within the-10℃to 30℃range. Polycaprolactone(PCL)and polytetramethylene ether glycol(PTMEG)were used as raw materials to synthesize two-way shape memory PU via a segmented prepolymer-crosslinking method.The crosslinking density was optimized by adjusting the molar ratio of chain extender(BDO)and crosslinker(PTME).Thermomechanical programming enabled the PU to exhibit reversible bending-stretching deformation.A sandwich-structured intelligent thermal insulation batting was fabricated by integrating the PU with polyester nonwoven fabric.The chemical structure and bidirectional shape memory properties of the PU were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA).Infrared thermography was employed to quantify the dynamic air layer thickness adjustment and thermal resistance of the batting.Simulated wear experiments validated the practical performance of the adaptive thermal management fabric.Results showed that the PU achieved optimal bidirectional shape memory performance at a BDO/PTME molar ratio of 7∶3,with a reversible strain rate of 12.5%and stable performance after three thermal cycles.The intelligent batting demonstrated a"cold-triggered expansion and heat-triggered flattening"response.Its air layer thickness increased to 15 mm at-10℃and recovered to 1 mm at 30℃.When integrated into fabrics,the thermal management system exhibited a surface temperature 15.7℃higher than conventional textiles under-10℃conditions,effectively reducing heat loss.The fabric achieved zero-energy thermal management across a 40℃temperature range through dynamic air layer adjustment,with excellent cyclic stability.This provides an efficient solution for maintaining human thermal comfort in broad thermal environments. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for material design and structural regulation in environmentally adaptive thermal management textiles.Future research could explore composite designs combining PU with functional materials to expand applications in extreme environmental protection and wearable devices.Additionally,optimizing manufacturing processes and cost control will facilitate the transition of this technology to large-scale production.关键词
双向形状记忆聚氨酯/热管理织物/动态热阻调控/环境自适应/人体热舒适Key words
bidirectional shape memory polyurethane/thermal management fabric/dynamic thermal resistance regulation/environmental adaptability/human thermal comfort分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
闫静,刘仁磊,杨光..基于双向形状记忆效应的环境自适应热管理织物的制备与性能[J].现代纺织技术,2026,34(1):41-49,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52473219) （52473219）
天津市自然科学基金项目(23JCYBJC00650) （23JCYBJC00650）
