作物研究2025，Vol.39Issue(6)：499-508,10.
种植密度与灌溉方式对夏大豆生物学特性及产量的影响
Effects of Planting Density and Irrigation Methods on Biological Characteristics and Yield of Summer Soybean
摘要
Abstract
To screen suitable planting methods for summer soybeans and provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation,a field experiment was conducted in 2024.A split-plot design with two factors was adopted,with irrigation method as the main plot factor(G),including two levels:,whichi were G1(natural precipitation)and G2(intermittent irrigation).Planting density was used as the sub-plot factor(M),with four levels,which were M1(150000 plants/hm2),M2(190 000 plants/hm2),M3(230 000 plants/hm2),and M4(270 000 plants/hm2).The biological characteristics and yield performance of summer soybeans under different treatments were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that,in terms of planting density,plant height and leaf area index increased with higher density,with M4 performing the best.The relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),net photosynthetic rate,and soil water content(0-20 cm)initially increased and then decreased,with M3 recording the highest values.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)in summer soybean leaves decreased with increasing density,with M1 showing the highest levels.The aboveground dry matter mass at full flowering and full pod stages was highest under M3,while at the grain-filling stage,M2 and M3 treatments were significantly higher than others,with M2 being the highest.Yield initially increased and then decreased with rising planting density,peaking under M3,which was 6.6%-17.4%and 5.9%-13.7%higher than other treatments,respectively.From the perspective of irrigation methods,G2 outperformed G1 in plant height,leaf area index,SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,soil water content,dry matter mass,and yield.However,the activities of SOD,POD,and CAT in summer soybean leaves were highest under G1.In terms of the interaction between the two factors,G2M3 achieved the highest yield,reaching 3 232.00 kg/hm2.Correlation analysis revealed that summer soybean yield showed significant positive correlations with leaf area index,SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,soil water content,dry matter mass,and 100-grain weight.Comprehensive analysis indicates that moderate dense planting(230000 plants/hm2)combined with intermittent irrigation can effectively improve the biological characteristics of summer soybeans and achieve high yield.关键词
夏大豆/种植密度/灌溉方式/生物学特性/产量Key words
summer soybean/planting density/irrigation methods/biological characteristics/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
周国栋,郭勇,李海容,程凯凯,文丽,郑华斌,李超,唐海明..种植密度与灌溉方式对夏大豆生物学特性及产量的影响[J].作物研究,2025,39(6):499-508,10.基金项目
湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2024CX128) （2024CX128）
湖南省第三次土壤普查项目(STPZK2023-10) （STPZK2023-10）
