中国水产科学2025，Vol.32Issue(11)：1651-1664,14.DOI:10.12264/JFSC2025-0112
黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区水域春夏季游泳动物群落结构特征
Community structure and characteristics of nekton populations in the waters of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in spring and summer
摘要
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve is the most intact,expansive,and youngest wetland ecosystem in China's warm-temperate zone.It is a national nature reserve with a relatively young wetland ecosystem,with rare and endangered birds as its main protected species.Moreover,it is situated at the estuary of the lowest reaches of the Yellow River Basin,and its water area is dominated by runoff from the Yellow River,while being simultaneously impacted by tidal currents from the Bohai Sea.Therefore,this area integrates fluvial and marine characteristics.The distinct aquatic environment sustains rich nekton resources,providing abundant food resources for avifauna and playing an irreplaceable role in maintaining food web structures,promoting material circulation,and supporting the ecological function of coastal wetlands.Hitherto,no studies have been reported on nektons in the waters of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve.To investigate the species composition,community structure,and diversity of nekton populations in the waters of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,surveys were conducted in its southern region during summer(August 2023)and spring(May 2024).A total of 34 nekton species were identified,with 29 species in spring and 28 in summer,belonging to 6 orders,15 families,and 34 genera.Among them,fish dominated the assemblage(27 species,79.41%),primarily Cypriniformes(16 species),followed by crustaceans(7 species).Ecologically,freshwater species prevailed(24 species),complemented by marine(6),estuarine(3),and migratory species(1).The value of the index of relative importance revealed that dominant species differed between the two sampling methods,and apparent seasonal changes occurred.The dominant species of gill net catches were primarily freshwater fish,whereas those of cage catches were relatively more diverse,including Helice tientsinensis,Synechogobius hasta,Culterichthys erythropterus,Channa argus,and Lateolabrax maculatus.Gill net surveys exhibited higher nekton catch weight per unit effort(WPUE)than cage surveys in spring and summer,with fish dominating the catch weight in both sampling methods.However,cage surveys exhibited significantly higher nekton catch numbers per unit effort(NPUE)than gill net surveys in both seasons.In spring,the catch number of gill net surveys was dominated by fish,whereas that of cage surveys was predominantly crustaceans.In summer,the catch number in both gill net and cage surveys was dominated by fish.Thus,both WPUE and NPUE integrated from the two sampling methods were higher in spring than in summer.In terms of catch weight,the proportion of Liza haematocheila was the highest in gill net surveys in both spring and summer,whereas C.argus in spring and S.hasta in summer prevailed in cage surveys,respectively.Regarding catch numbers from gill net surveys,the quantity ratios of Carassius auratus and Pseudobrama simoni were the highest in spring and summer,respectively;however,based on catch numbers from cage surveys,the quantity ratios of H.tientsinensis and S.hasta were the highest in spring and summer,respectively.The results of the diversity indices demonstrated that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou's evenness index,and Margalef's richness index estimated from gill net surveys and cage surveys were higher in spring and summer,respectively.The abundance/biomass comparison curves revealed that the structure of the nekton community had been disturbed to a certain extent in the southern Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,and the disturbance intensity was greater in summer than in spring.Cluster analysis revealed that the nekton community in the southern Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve could be classified as different groups at a certain level of similarity,indicating some differences in the composition and distribution of the nekton community structure.A comparison with the results of other studies revealed that the composition and structure of fish in the southern Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve were similar to those in the Shandong section of the Yellow River mainstream.Both the gill net and cage exhibited selectivity,including species and individual size.Both the behavioral mechanisms of fishery organisms and the working mechanisms of fishing gear affected the final results of the fishing gear analysis.The results obtained in this study provide the first comprehensive baseline dataset on nekton resources in the southern Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,offering data support for the formulation of conservation strategies in this area.关键词
游泳动物组成/群落结构/生物多样性/黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区Key words
nekton composition/community structure/biodiversity/Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
牛明香,王俊,左涛,路峰,周英锋,程兆龙,李永涛,李建文,宋建彬..黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区水域春夏季游泳动物群落结构特征[J].中国水产科学,2025,32(11):1651-1664,14.基金项目
农业农村部财政专项"黄河渔业资源与环境调查" （）
东营市科技创新重大专项(2023ZDJH102). （2023ZDJH102）
