中国水利Issue(1)：23-28,6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2026.01.004
极端天气条件下中小河流洪水特点及防御
Characteristics and prevention of floods in small and medium-sized rivers in extreme weather conditions
摘要
Abstract
Small and medium-sized rivers bear multiple strategic missions such as national water security,rural revitalization,regional coordination,and sustainable development.There are 11,169 small and medium-sized rivers in China whose drainage area ranges from 200 to 3,000 square kilometers,with their total drainage area accounting for 61.4%of the country's total land area.There are 1,447 cities at the county level and above,a population of 494 million,410 million mu of cultivated land,and 300 million mu of prime farmland distributed along their banks.In recent years,against the backdrop of frequent extreme rainstorm events,the suddenness,abnormality,uncertainty,and disaster-causing nature of floods in small and medium-sized rivers have become more prominent.The death toll caused by such floods accounts for approximately 20%of the total fatalities caused by flood disasters nationwide,thereby making these floods a key and difficult point in current flood and drought disaster prevention.This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of small and medium-sized rivers in 2025,including frequent extreme rainstorms,widespread spatial distribution of floods,the frequent occurrence of floods exceeding the design standard,as well as strong suddenness and disaster-causing nature.Meanwhile,it conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems and limitations in the current flood prevention of small and medium-sized rivers in terms of the engineering system,monitoring system,forecasting and early warning,engineering operation and management,and river channel management.In accordance with the concept of systematic governance of small and medium-sized rivers,targeted measures and suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of improving the engineering system for flood control of small and medium-sized rivers,rainfall and water regime monitoring and forecasting system,flood disaster prevention work system,as well as strengthening risk management and control and mechanism research.This study can provide a reference for flood prevention of small and medium-sized rivers in the new era.关键词
极端天气/暴雨洪水/中小河流/超标准洪水/防洪工程/雨水情监测Key words
extreme weather/storm flood/small and medium-sized rivers/floods exceeding the design standard/flood control project/rainfall and water regime monitoring分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
吴泽斌,柴福鑫,徐卫红..极端天气条件下中小河流洪水特点及防御[J].中国水利,2026,(1):23-28,6.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3012304). （2024YFC3012304）
