储能科学与技术2026，Vol.15Issue(1)：129-151,23.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0725
富镍三元正极材料的失效机理及改性策略
Failure mechanisms of nickel-rich ternary cathode materials and modification strategies
摘要
Abstract
Nickel-rich layered oxide(NCM/NCA)cathodes have been widely applied in electric vehicles and energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and excellent rate capability.The reversible capacity of NCM/NCA considerably enhances with increasing nickel content but reduces the structural and chemical stability.This ultimately reduces the battery cycle life and increases safety concerns.In this review,the major degradation mechanisms of NCM/NCA cathodes are systematically summarized,and their impacts on the electrochemical performance of these cathodes are elucidated.Specifically,Li+/Ni2+cation mixing deactivates the lithium-ion sites and reduces the reversible capacity.The high surface reactivity of NCM/NCA makes it prone to surface and interfacial reactions during storage and cycling,thereby accelerating irreversible phase transitions and electrolyte decomposition.Furthermore,the accumulation of anisotropic stress during repeated cycling induces microcrack formation within cathode particles,ultimately causing structural collapse and increasing the electrode-electrolyte contact area;these changes further aggravate interfacial reactions.To address these issues,diverse modification strategies have been proposed in recent years.These include applying surface coatings with oxides or organics to enhance interfacial stability,elemental doping to improve structural stability and ion diffusion kinetics,concentration-gradient designs to achieve high capacity and interfacial stability,and single-crystal engineering to mitigate particle cracking and interfacial reactions.Finally,the future research directions of nickel-rich cathode materials are discussed,providing insights into the development of next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.关键词
锂离子电池/富镍三元正极/失效机理/改性策略Key words
lithium-ion battery/nickel-rich ternary cathode/failure mechanism/modification strategy分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
黄小荣,刘健达,芦大伟,易斌,徐云,秦啸天..富镍三元正极材料的失效机理及改性策略[J].储能科学与技术,2026,15(1):129-151,23.基金项目
南方电网科技项目(031900KC24040028). （031900KC24040028）
