储能科学与技术2026，Vol.15Issue(1)：152-165,14.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0735
废旧锂电池三元正极材料中有价金属的回收技术现状
Current status of recovery technologies for valuable metals from spent lithium-ion battery ternary cathode materials
摘要
Abstract
With the extensive application of lithium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles and energy storage systems,the volume of decommissioned batteries is expanding exponentially.Spent LiNiₓCoyMnzO2(NCM)cathodes contain high-grade strategic metals,including lithium,nickel,cobalt,and manganese,rendering their efficient recovery critical for mitigating resource shortages and ensuring energy security.This review systematically summarizes current technologies for recovering valuable metals from spent NCM cathodes,with focused analysis of the fundamental principles,research progress,and core advantages and limitations of pyrometallurgical,hydrometallurgical,direct regeneration,and green deep eutectic solvent(DES)approaches.Research indicates that roasting processes coupled with hydrometallurgical leaching enable efficient metal recovery but involve complex exhaust treatment and lengthy procedures.Smelting offers high throughput and operational simplicity,yet lithium and manganese preferentially report to slag phases,resulting in suboptimal recovery rates.Hydrometallurgical methods predominantly employ acid leaching:the H2SO4-H2O2 system has reached industrial implementation but incurs high wastewater treatment costs;organic acid leaching is environmentally friendly but limited in efficiency;and ammonia leaching exhibits high selectivity for nickel and cobalt but achieves low lithium and manganese recovery.Direct regeneration restores cathode structures via molten-salt relithiation or hydrothermal treatment,thereby shortening process flowsheets;however,its applicability depends on the degree of degradation.DESs show promising green leaching potential,yet high costs and solvent regeneration challenges hinder industrial adoption.Comprehensive analysis reveals that spent NCM recycling technologies are advancing rapidly.Thus,there is an urgent need to develop novel high-efficiency processes that integrate environmental sustainability,compact flowsheets,and low energy consumption to advance resource circularity and sustainable industrial development.关键词
废旧锂电池/三元正极材料/有价金属回收/元素提取Key words
spent lithium-ion batteries/NCM cathodes/valuable metal recovery/element extraction分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
郭磊,智福鹏,魏致慧,郑冬,胡生勇..废旧锂电池三元正极材料中有价金属的回收技术现状[J].储能科学与技术,2026,15(1):152-165,14.基金项目
甘肃省科技计划科技专员专项(25CXGA087). （25CXGA087）
