长沙理工大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.22Issue(6)：165-177,13.DOI:10.19951/j.cnki.1672-9331.20250724001
包砖夯土城墙病害特征及成因分析
Defect characteristics and cause analysis of brick-clad rammed earth city walls
摘要
Abstract
[Purposes]Brick-clad rammed earth city wall constitutes a significant component of China's historical and cultural heritage.Investigating their defect characteristics and underlying causes holds great importance for guiding protection and restoration efforts.[Methods]By taking Xi'an City Wall as the background,the defect characteristics of brick-clad rammed earth city walls were investigated on the spot,and the position,shape,and development degree of various defects were recorded systematically.The causes of defects of the city wall under pedestrian load,rainfall,and earthquake conditions,as well as material deterioration,were studied by the numerical simulation method.[Findings]The primary defects observed in Xi'an City Wall include cracking,bulging,uneven settlement,denudation,and salt precipitation.Vertical cracks at variable cross-sections,such as those at the corners of enemy platforms,account for over 80%of total cracks,with depths predominantly ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m.Masonry within 4 m of the external wall top exhibits severe weathering.Under normal service conditions,the city wall maintains self-stability,with the maximum tensile stress of the paved floor reaching approximately 0.26 MPa.Pedestrian loads exacerbate the propagation of micro-cracks at the wall top.Rainfall induces outward deflection of both internal and external walls,with maximum displacements of 0.26 mm and 0.17 mm.During earthquakes,horizontal differential deformation occurs between the upper and lower wall segments at a height of 5 m,rendering the middle section prone to horizontal cracking.When rammed earth deteriorates by 20%,shear stress at the wall foot approaches the strength limit.At 60%deterioration of rammed earth,the maximum settlement of the inner core soil reaches 12 mm,with a horizontal displacement of approximately 1 mm at the wall top.The deterioration of masonry and foundation has little influence on the overall stability.[Conclusions]The performance of the brick-clad rammed earth city wall is predominantly governed by the rammed earth.Rainfall emerges as the key external factor diminishing safety.Earthquakes significantly elevate the risk of overturning.The study clarifies the characteristics and causes of defects in brick-clad rammed earth city walls,thereby providing a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of ancient city walls.关键词
包砖夯土城墙/病害特征/数值模拟/病害成因/材料劣化Key words
brick-clad rammed earth city wall/defect characteristic/numerical simulation/cause of defect/material deterioration分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
刘乃飞,李龙,吕冠贤,杨蓓,宋战平..包砖夯土城墙病害特征及成因分析[J].长沙理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,22(6):165-177,13.基金项目
陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(23JS035) （23JS035）
西安建筑科大工程技术有限公司技术研发项目(XAJD-YF25N014) （XAJD-YF25N014）
西安建筑科技大学交叉研究培育专项(X20230075) Project(23JS035)supported by Key Scientific Research Program of Department of Education of Shaanxi Province （X20230075）
Project(XAJD-YF25N014)supported by Technology Research Project of XAUAT Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd. （XAJD-YF25N014）
Project(X20230075)supported by Cross-Research Training Program of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology （X20230075）
