国际论坛2026，Vol.28Issue(1)：134-154,21.DOI:10.13549/j.cnki.cn11-3959/d.2026.01.008
英国两党制的范式危机与秩序重构
The British Two-Party System:A Paradigm in Crisis and Institutional Reconfiguration—An Analysis Based on the 2024-2025 UK Elections
摘要
Abstract
The UK's political landscape continues to change following Brexit,with the 2024 general election and 2025 local elections accelerating this transformation.The traditional two-party system has fragmented as more than half of the constituencies now feature multi-party competition.Weakening party loyalty and the decline of class-based voting contributed to a record-low voter turnout while the combined vote share of the Conservatives and Labour fell to an all-time low.Political divisions are increasingly defined by values and identity,with age and education now serving as key fault lines.The first-past-the-post electoral system amplified these shifts:Labour's so-called"landslide victory"—winning 63％of seats on just 34％of the vote—appeared to affirm the stability of a two-party system,but actually obscured a fragmented reality reflected in a multi-party vote share.This undermined electoral accountability and fueled protest voting.In this context,the right-wing populist Reform UK broke through in the 2025 local elections,challenging the longstanding dominance of the two main parties.Though Reform UK still holds fewer council seats overall,the outcome marked a historic rupture in the two-party monopoly over local politics.Together,these results signal a movement toward a more multipolar UK polity,calling into question the durability of the Conservative-Labour alternation and heralding a period of greater political unpredictability.关键词
英国/两党制/工党/保守党/选举Key words
the United Kingdom/two-party system/Labour Party/Conservative Party/elections分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
马启峰..英国两党制的范式危机与秩序重构[J].国际论坛,2026,28(1):134-154,21.基金项目
本文系2025年兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"公投视角下英国民主赤字的反思及启示研究"(项目批准号:2025lzujbkyqk017)的阶段性成果. （项目批准号:2025lzujbkyqk017）
