地球学报2026，Vol.47Issue(1)：31-48,18.DOI:10.3975/cagsb.2026.010711
断裂控制型地热流体成因机制研究进展
Research Progress on the Genetic Mechanisms and Evolution Processes of Fault-controlled Geothermal Fluids
摘要
Abstract
The characteristics of fracture-controlled geothermal resources are dominated by the channeling effect and heat-controlling role of deep-seated fault zones,involving complex deep fluid circulation and water-rock interaction processes.Research progress on the genetic mechanisms of fault-controlled geothermal fluids is reviewed based on recharge sources,circulation pathways,and geothermal reservoir characteristics of hydrothermal systems.Regarding the identification of recharge sources,the applications and limitations of isotope tracing technologies(e.g.,hydrogen,oxygen,carbon,and noble gases)for identifying fluid recharge endmembers and discriminating sources are systematically reviewed.In terms of circulation pathways,hydrochemical diagrams and ion ratios are employed to investigate water-rock interactions,cation exchange,and mixing processes,thereby revealing dominant interaction processes and fluid migration patterns in fracture-controlled geothermal resources.For reservoir evaluation,the applicability of hydrochemical geothermometers,multi-mineral equilibrium approaches,the silica-enthalpy mixing model,and machine learning methods for estimating reservoir temperatures and circulation depths is compared and analyzed,clarifying error sources and correction approaches for different methods.Currently,research on the genetic mechanisms of fault-controlled geothermal fluids faces challenges such as multi-solutionality,insufficient quantitative characterization of complex water-rock interactions,and limited accuracy in estimating geothermal reservoir parameters.In the future,developing integrated multi-isotope tracing techniques,advancing multi-process coupled numerical simulation methods,and constructing interpretable machine learning models will provide key theoretical and technical support for precise characterization of the coupled"source-pathway-reservoir"evolution mechanism and the sustainable development of fracture-controlled geothermal resources.关键词
断裂控制型地热资源/水化学/同位素/水岩作用/热储温度/成因机制Key words
fault-controlled geothermal resource/hydrochemistry/isotopes/water-rock interactions/reservoir temperature/genetic mechanism分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
刘凯,任天翔,岳鑫蕊,张寿川,万力,张垚垚,史浙明,贾伍慧,闫金凯,张秋兰,王路瑶..断裂控制型地热流体成因机制研究进展[J].地球学报,2026,47(1):31-48,18.基金项目
本文由深地国家科技重大专项(编号:2024ZD1004103 （）
2025ZD1011107)和中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项(编号:JKY202406 （）
JKYZD202401 （）
JKY202511)联合资助. This study was supported by Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2024ZD1004103 and 2025ZD1011107),and Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Nos.JKY202406,JKYZD202401,and JKY202511). （No.2024ZD1004103 and 2025ZD1011107）
