焊管2026，Vol.49Issue(1)：44-52,9.DOI:10.19291/j.cnki.1001-3938.2026.01.005
Q235钢电弧增材制造工艺分析及优化
Process Analysis and Optimization of Arc Additive Manufacture for Q235 Steel
摘要
Abstract
To explore the wire arc additive manufacturing process of Q235 steel,the effects of single factors such as current,voltage,and welding speed on weld bead formation are examined.Combined with finite element simulation analysis of the temperature field and stress field,the optimal process parameters were obtained for additive manufacturing experiments.The results indicate that at a voltage of 16 V and a welding speed of 4 mm/s,discontinuities occur in the weld at a current of 90 A,uniform formation is achieved at 110 A,and severe spatter occurs at 130 A.Increasing voltage alone increases the weld width and reduces the weld height,with stable formation observed at voltages between 20 V and 24 V.Increasing the welding speed leads to shallower penetration and incomplete fusion defects.The optimized process parameters are a current of 110 A,a voltage of 20 V,and a welding speed of 5 mm/s.The finite element simulation shows that the temperature field during the welding process of this parameter exhibits a trailing distribution.The stress field gradually expands with the accumulation of heat input,and the peak stress reaches 292.82 MPa,indicating that this process meets the requirements of additive manufacturing.The effective forming widths at the bottom,middle and top of the specimen were 4.88 mm,4.91 mm and 5.01 mm respectively,and the maximum forming widths were 5.57 mm,5.96 mm and 5.91 mm respectively.The microstructure of the specimen was mainly ferrite and pearlite,with fine grains at the bottom,coarser grains in the middle due to heat accumulation,and finer grains at the top but with dendrites.The droplet transition mode during the additive manufacturing process was short-circuit transition,with droplet sizes close to the diameter of the welding wire,and the molten pool had relatively clear bright zone boundaries and was relatively symmetrical.关键词
电弧增材制造/工艺参数/Q235钢/焊缝成形/微观组织/有限元仿真Key words
wire arc additive manufacturing/process parameter/Q235 steel/weld bead formation/microstructure/finite element simulation分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
顾建瑜,孙氏琪,徐景满,贾亚洲,田文明..Q235钢电弧增材制造工艺分析及优化[J].焊管,2026,49(1):44-52,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目"可控热质传递的摆动激光-电弧复合增材制造控形机理研究"(项目编号52305329) （项目编号52305329）
河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目"激光能量与分布数字化调控的GMA增材制造熔池凝结特性及机理"(项目编号QN2022111) （项目编号QN2022111）
国防创新基金项目"航天某型号铝合金基于激光能量和分布可调的激光-MIG焊接工艺研究"(项目编号GFCXJJ202501) （项目编号GFCXJJ202501）
北华航天工业学院硕士研究生科研创新项目"基于能量和分布可调的激光电弧复合增材制造工艺分析"(项目编号YKY-2025-102). （项目编号YKY-2025-102）
