摘要
Abstract
Objective To analyze factors associated with myopia among children and adolescents,and construct a nomogram-based prediction model for assessing the risk of myopia.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years in Hongkou District,Shanghai.Visual acuity and refractive tests,as well as a questionnaire survey on eye-use behaviors,were conducted.A total of 1 918 questionnaires were distributed,and 1 878 valid questionnaires were collected.Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between eye-use behaviors and myopia,and a nomogram was developed to build a risk prediction model.Results The risk of myopia in girls was higher than that in boys(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.00 to 1.59).Senior high school students(OR=4.80,95%CI:3.26 to 7.08)and vocational high school students(OR=4.01,95%CI:2.59 to 6.22)had a higher risk of myopia than primary school students.The following factors were identified as risk factors for myopia:myopia in mother or father(OR=1.48,95%CI:1.14 to 1.94),myopia in both mother and father(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.77 to 3.28),1 to 2 h of reading/writing after school per day(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.26 to 2.42),>2 h of reading/writing after school per day(OR=2.23,95%CI:1.58 to 3.16),and insufficient sleep(OR=2.93,95%CI:2.11 to 4.08).Daily outdoor activity time>2 h(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.41 to 0.80)was a protective factor.The nomogram prediction model showed that the main myopia risk factors for children and adolescents in Hongkou District,Shanghai were sleep sufficiency,school stage,reading/writing time after school,and parental myopia status.Conclusion Eye-use behavior is closely related to myopia among children and adolescents in Hongkou District,Shanghai.This nomogram prediction model can identify key populations for intervention and provide a basis for precise prevention and control of myopia.关键词
近视/儿童青少年/列线图/预测模型Key words
myopia/children and adolescents/nomogram/predictive model
