南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.47Issue(6)：621-632,12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7627.2025.06.001
从高熵氧化物陶瓷到高熵气凝胶的研究进展及应用
Research progress and application of high-entropy materials from oxide ceramics to aerogels
摘要
Abstract
High-entropy oxides are a new type of multi-principal element material composed of multiple elements in equimolar or nearly equimolar ratios,exhibiting both structural order and chemical disorder simultaneously.Benefiting from the four major effects of high thermodynamic entropy,lattice distortion,sluggish diffusion,and the"cocktail"effect,they exhibit excellent thermal stability,catalytic activity,and electrochemical performance,making them a research hotspot in fields such as thermal insulation,energy storage,and catalytic reactions.This paper systematically reviews the crystal structures of high-entropy oxides and their recent applications in thermal/environmental barrier coatings,water-splitting catalysis,pollutant degradation,lithium-ion batteries,supercapacitors,and fuel cells,while also highlighting the performance advantages and development potential of high-entropy aerogels for thermal insulation and electrocatalysis.High-entropy design can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of materials and improve thermal expansion matching.Multi-metal site synergy can enhance catalytic reaction activity and stability.Entropy-suppressed phase separation mechanisms can provide energy storage devices with high capacity and long cycle life.Moreover high-entropy aerogels combine high specific surface area with structural entropy stability,demonstrating dual functional potential in wide-temperature-range insulation and CO2 electroreduction.High-entropy materials still face challenges in theoretical design,performance regulation,and understanding structure-property relationships,and future research should focus on deepening the understanding of the relationship between high-entropy effects and material properties to promote functional design and practical applications.关键词
高熵氧化物/气凝胶/电催化/储能/隔热防护Key words
high-entropy oxide/aerogel/electrocatalysis/energy storage/thermal insulation分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
王荣,尚思思,葛龙辉,崔升..从高熵氧化物陶瓷到高熵气凝胶的研究进展及应用[J].南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,47(6):621-632,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52272300) （52272300）
材料化学工程全国重点实验室自主课题(SKL-MCE-23A03) （SKL-MCE-23A03）
