沈阳工业大学学报（社会科学版）2025，Vol.18Issue(6)：687-696,10.DOI:10.7688/j.issn.1674-0823.2025.06.11
自动驾驶汽车算法伦理中的乘客优先保护原则证成
Justification of priority protection principle of passengers in algorithmic ethics of autonomous vehicles:perspective of"trolley problem"
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,autonomous driving technology is becoming increasingly mature,and autonomous vehicles that require no human drivers have turned from an idea into reality.How fully algorithm-based automatic decision-making should handle the trade-off of life interests between passengers inside the vehicle and pedestrians outside the vehicle in a collision has become an unavoidable issue.By comprehensively applying relevant theories in ethics,jurisprudence,and technical norms for artificial intelligence,as well as the classic case of the"trolley problem",this paper aims to justify the priority protection principle of passengers in the algorithmic ethics of autonomous vehicles.The establishment of algorithmic ethics of autonomous driving is mainly faced with three problems:how to comply with the moral legitimacy,how to coordinate with the industry,and how to embed ethics into algorithms.The"trolley problem"provides ideological resources for the study of algorithmic ethics of autonomous driving,but the"autonomous driving dilemma"contains a complexity of propositions that is not entirely the same as all typical scenarios of the traditional"trolley problem".This paper argues for the legitimacy of autonomous driving systems prioritizing the protection of passengers in extreme situations from the perspectives of the special status of passengers,limited altruism,humans as ends rather than means,and market demand,and holds that the priority protection of passengers should be restricted by the principle of the greatest good.In the context of the"autonomous driving dilemma",algorithms should prioritize the protection of passengers;in cases where a greater good is generated,passengers may be subjected to permissible harm,provided that such harm is reasonable and not purely instrumental.It is proposed that algorithmic ethics disclosure based on mandatory algorithmic ethics settings is a more reasonable way of embedding ethics into algorithms compared to users'"personalized settings".Taking the traditional ethical and legal puzzle of the"trolley problem"as an entry point,this paper compares its similarities and differences with the"autonomous driving dilemma",in order to provide a feasible solution to the collision order problem faced by autonomous vehicles.关键词
自动驾驶/电车难题/自动驾驶难题/算法伦理/乘客优先保护Key words
autonomous driving/trolley problem/autonomous driving dilemma/algorithmic ethics/priority protection of passengers分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
邹晓玫,蔡思佳..自动驾驶汽车算法伦理中的乘客优先保护原则证成[J].沈阳工业大学学报（社会科学版）,2025,18(6):687-696,10.基金项目
天津市哲学社会科学研究规划项目(TJFX20-008). （TJFX20-008）
