摘要
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder often complicated by drug resistance and comorbidities,with limited benefits from conventional therapies.This review explores the role of neuro-immune interactions in epilepsy,detailing a core mechanism where seizures disrupt the blood-brain barrier,enabling immune cell infiltration and activating glial cells to release pro-inflammatory factors,thus perpetuating a vicious cycle.Key signaling pathways are also discussed.The article surveys diagnostic advances,including neuro-immune biomarkers and technologies like multimodal imaging and single-cell sequencing.For treatment,immunomodulatory strategies—such as targeting inflammation,modulating glial cells or gut microbiota,and cell therapies—as well as the development of novel anti-seizure medications are summarized.Current challenges involve controversies over immune cell functions and inflammatory causality,as well as limitations in animal models and clinical translation.Future directions like multi-omics integration,artificial intelligence,and novel delivery systems are highlighted,offering a new paradigm for precise,etiology-targeted therapy in drug-resistant epilepsy.关键词
药物难治性癫痫/神经免疫交互/血脑屏障/胶质细胞/免疫细胞Key words
Drug-resistant epilepsy/Neuro-immune crosstalk/Blood-brain barrier/Glial cell/Immune cell
