摘要
Abstract
Based on regional trial results of 37 winter wheat varieties cultivated in the southern moun-tainous area of Ningxia from 1990 to 2025,this study investigates the evolutionary patterns of major traits in dominant cultivars over different periods,aiming to provide references for winter wheat breeding and high-yield cultivation in the region.The results showed that yield increased steadily over the 35-year period,with an average annual increase of 34.4 kg/hm2.The effective spike number in-creased by an average of 14 200 panicles/hm2,grain number per spike increased by 0.02,and the 1 000-grain mass remained relatively stable.The growth period shortened at a rate of 0.27 d/a and plant height decreased by 0.42 cm/a.Drought resistance and cold resistance improved steadily,while rust resistance showed significant enhancement,especially in independently bred varieties.Grain volumic mass,crude protein content,wet gluten content,and dough stability time continuously im-proved,while water absorption declined,and dough stability time,though improved,remained rela-tively low.Correlation and path analysis indicated that effective spike number per unit area had the most significant direct effect on yield,followed by 1 000-grain mass,while grain number per spike had a smaller direct effect.Future breeding efforts for winter wheat in the region should focus on op-timizing yield and quality traits while maintaining improvements in drought,cold,and rust resist-ance.Varieties with appropriate plant heights,a high productive tillering rate,and favorable floret and grain-setting characteristics are recommended.Specifically,the target traits include plant heights of 85-95 cm,5.25-6.00 million effective spikes per hectare,33-35 grains per spike,and a 1 000-grain mass of 39-43 g.Increasing dough stability time should also be a key breeding objective for im-proving wheat quality through breeding.关键词
宁夏/南部山区/冬小麦/主要性状/演变Key words
Ningxia/Southern mountainous areas/Winter wheat/Major traits/Evolution
