西北农业学报2026，Vol.35Issue(3)：428-438,11.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2026.03.003
70份谷子核心种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotype Traits in 70 Core Foxtail Millet Germplasm Resources
摘要
Abstract
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.),known for its climate resilience and dual-purpose utili-ty,is underutilized in breeding programs despite its agricultural potential.To assess genetic diversity and phenotypic variation in 70 foxtail millet accessions and support elite germplasm selection,this study analyzed eight qualitative and 14 quantitative traits using genetic diversity index(H'),coeffi-cient of variation(CV),correlation,principal component(PCA),and cluster analysis.Among qualita-tive traits,panicle type(H'=1.084)and compactness(H'=0.943)showed the highest genetic diver-sity,while seedling leaf posture had the lowest(H'=0.328).Spindle panicles(82.86%),moderate compactness(58.57%),and yellow grains(81.74%)were predominant.For quantitative traits,grain mass per panicle(CV=20.25%,H'=2.087),yield(CV=17.38%,H'=2.091),and panicle mass per plant(CV=15.99%,H'=2.018)showed the most significant variation.Growth period(H'=1.534)and grain output rate(H'=1.362)were less variable.Correlation analysis showed that yield(Y)was highly significantly negatively correlated with plant height(PH)(r=-0.316),highly significantly positively correlated with grain quality per panicle(GQ)(r=0.417),and significantly positively cor-related with spike mass(SW)(r=0.258).PCA identified two components(cumulative contribution:59.40%):with PC1(32.40%)strongly associated with growth period(|Loading|>0.85)and PC2(27.00%)with 1 000-grain mass(|Loading|=0.78)and panicle mass per plant.Cluster analysis clas-sified the accessions into four groups:Group I(n=8)with strong lodging resistance(plant height:119.13 cm,stem diameter:9.23 mm);Group II(n=15)with early-maturity(105-113 d);Group III(n=37)with high yield(7 043.21 kg·hm-2);and Group IV(n=29)with balanced traits(CV<9.6%).These results demonstrated substantial genetic diversity,with yield-related traits as key contributors to phenotypic variation.The strong association between grain mass per panicle and pani-cle mass per plant suggest potential for synergistic yield improvement.The identified accessions repre-sent valuable resources for targeted breeding and genetic enhancement of foxtail millet.关键词
谷子/种质资源/表型性状/遗传多样性Key words
Foxtail millet/Endoplasm resources/Phenotypic traits/Genetic diversity引用本文复制引用
赵云,刘雅欣,阿依加马丽·阿里木,伊丽姆努尔·巴克尔,刘俊,冯国郡,胡相伟,王卉,再吐尼古丽·库尔班,杨宝谊,王宏进,吴岳..70份谷子核心种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2026,35(3):428-438,11.基金项目
谷子种质资源耐盐碱精准鉴定及基因挖掘(2025D01B136) （2025D01B136）
谷子耐旱关键基因的克隆与新材料创制(ZYYD2025ZY06) （ZYYD2025ZY06）
谷子提质增效关键技术研究与示范(2023SNGGGCC005) （2023SNGGGCC005）
国家谷子高粱产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-06-B30).Precision Identification of Salt-Alkali Tolerance and Gene Mining in Foxtail Millet Germplasm Resources(No.2025D01B136) （CARS-06-B30）
Cloning of Key Drought-Tolerant Genes and Development of New Materials in Foxtail Millet(No.ZYYD2025ZY06) （No.ZYYD2025ZY06）
Research and Demonstration of Key Tech-nologies for Improving Quality and Efficiency in Foxtail Millet(No.2023SNGGGCC005) （No.2023SNGGGCC005）
Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station of the National Foxtail Millet and Sorghum Industry Technology System(No.CARS-06-B30). （No.CARS-06-B30）
