中国人口·资源与环境2025，Vol.35Issue(11)：61-72,12.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20250321
气候损害司法救济框架构建
Constructing a judicial framework for climate damage remedies:a typological analysis based on representative cases
摘要
Abstract
With the advancement of the Paris Agreement and its follow-up mechanisms,"loss and damage"has been gradually estab-lished as a core issue alongside mitigation and adaptation,becoming a key part of the global climate governance framework.Climate change loss and damage litigation(hereinafter referred to as"climate damage litigation")has demonstrated a clear trend toward diversi-fied development due to complex factual contexts and varied litigants.Using a typological analytical approach,this study examined rep-resentative cases of climate damage litigation across four key dimensions:litigation claims,legal liabilities,litigants,and types of dam-age.It systematically reviewed and classified these cases to reveal the differentiated manifestations of climate damage litigation across different legal systems and practical contexts and identified the legal rationales and applicable scenarios underlying different litigation models.The analysis showed that existing climate damage litigation followed a dual structure combining risk management and damage compensation.This produced two major legal pathways:a public law approach focusing on governmental obligations to reduce emissions and fulfill policy commitments,and a private law approach centered on corporate tort liability and individual remedies.In the former,courts emphasized enforcing constitutional duties and international commitments to strengthen public policy implementation and sys-temic climate governance.In the latter,litigation focused on causation and damage quantification to ensure individualized compensa-tion and ecological restoration.Constructing a judicial framework for climate damage requires moving beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries and adopting a problem-oriented,cross-sectoral paradigm to address the combined effects of"irreversible risks"and"actual damages."At the institutional design level,drawing on international judicial experience and China's practices towards the achievement of the"dual carbon"goals,this study proposes targeted recommendations to expand types of litigation claims,refine liability attribution rules,and enhance procedural mechanisms,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical insights for the development of a climate damage litigation system with distinctive Chinese characteristics.关键词
气候变化/损失与损害/类型化/法律责任/诉讼/司法救济Key words
climate change/loss and damage/typology/legal liability/litigation/judicial remedy分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
宋亚容,汪劲..气候损害司法救济框架构建[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2025,35(11):61-72,12.基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目"环境公益诉讼防控环境风险的体系化研究"(批准号:23CFX050) （批准号:23CFX050）
中国石油大学(华东)自主创新科研计划项目(批准号:25CX06089A). （华东）
