中国司法鉴定Issue(1)：64-72,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2026.01.008
贝叶斯似然比框架下DNA证据评价方法的挑战与完善研究
A Study of Challenges and Refinement of DNA Evidence Evaluation Methods under the Bayesian Likelihood Ratio Framework
摘要
Abstract
By combination of quantitative evidence support and the five-level propositional framework,the Bayesian Likelihood Ratio model is considered to be the mainstream international scientific evidence evaluation paradigm.In China,the application of Bayesian Likelihood Ratio model in the evaluation of DNA evidence is facing a triple challenge:At the technical level,there are problems such as difficulties in the separation of mixed samples,allele dropout,and model uncertainty;At the institutional level,the current normative documents regard uncertainty as a technical flaw,forcing appraisers to issue"pseudo-certainty"conclusions;At the cognitive level,the fact finder is prone to fall into"numerical absolutes"due to the lack of statistical knowledge;At the institutional level,the current regulatory documents regard uncertainty opinions as technical defects,forcing experts to issue"pseudo-certainty"conclusions;At the cognitive level,the fact-finder is prone to fall into"numerical absolutism"due to lack of statistical knowledge.Based on this,the study proposes a multi-dimensional improvement path:developing high-precision algorithms and optimizing mixed-sample analysis,constructing dynamic genetic databases to reduce model bias,revising judicial norms to recognize the reasonableness of uncertainty expression,and establishing a hierarchical review standard for"technical uncertainty"and"cognitive uncertainty".The aim is to improve the practical application value of DNA evidence and promote the accuracy and fairness of scientific evidence evaluation in court.关键词
DNA证据/证据评价/似然比Key words
DNA evidence/evidence evaluation/likelihood ratio分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
杨韬,刘亚慧,郑志祥..贝叶斯似然比框架下DNA证据评价方法的挑战与完善研究[J].中国司法鉴定,2026,(1):64-72,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(22164003) （22164003）
2021年甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(21ZD4FA032) （21ZD4FA032）
甘肃政法大学研究生科研创新项目(2025017). （2025017）
