高等学校化学学报2026，Vol.47Issue(2)：76-87,12.DOI:10.7503/cjcu20250294
碳酸酯类溶剂对钠离子电池硬碳负极电化学性能的影响机制
Influence Mechanism of Carbonate Solvents on the Electrochemical Performance of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium-ion Batteries
摘要
Abstract
In this article,the electrolytes of mixed solvents for the hard carbon(HC)negative of sodium-ion batteries were designed,using sodium hexafluorophosphate(NaPF6)as the sodium salt and adding propylene carbonate(PC)and dimethyl carbonate(DMC)in an ethylene carbonate(EC)based solvent.The effect and mechanism of different solvent synergistic combinations on the electrochemical performance of HC negative were explored.The sodium solvation structure and the diffusion coefficient of sodium ions in the electrolyte were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation(MD).The electrochemical performance of HC negative electrode in EC based electrolyte was compared and analyzed through conductivity tests,charge-discharge tests,cycling performance tests,and rate capability tests.The kinetic behavior of sodium ions storage was also analyzed by cyclic voltammetry(CV),galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The surface morphology and composition of HC anodes before and after cycling were made by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and so on.As a result,the synergistic effect of DMC and PC can significantly improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and diffusion coefficient of sodium ions in electrolyte,optimize the solvation structure,reduce organic by-products and increase anion coordination,promote the generation of inorganic substances in the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film,effectively reduce the SEI film impedance and charge transfer impedance,and improve the diffusion coefficient of sodium ions in HC.Therefore,the HC anode achieves 362.0 mA·h/g initial capacity,in the 1 mol/L NaPF6-EC/PC/DMC electrolyte at 50 mA/g,and the capacity decays to 353.4 mA·h/g with a capacity retention rate of 97.6%after 50 cycles demonstrating superior rate capability and cycling performance.Thereby,EC/PC/DMC mixed solvents are one of the most promising solvents for the HC anode of sodium ion batteries.关键词
钠离子电池/电解液/溶剂/电化学性能/硬碳负极Key words
Sodium ion battery/Electrolyte/Solvent/Electrochemical performance/Hard carbon anode分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
陶睿敏,李添奕,茹梦令,陈爽,崔永莉..碳酸酯类溶剂对钠离子电池硬碳负极电化学性能的影响机制[J].高等学校化学学报,2026,47(2):76-87,12.基金项目
中国矿业大学国家级重点支持大学生创新训练计划项目(批准号:S202510290276)和中国矿业大学大型仪器设备开放共享基金(批准号:DYGX-2025-62)资助. Supported by the China University of Mining and Technology's National Key Support Program for Undergraduate Innovation Training Project(No.S202510290276)and the Open Sharing Fund for the Large-scale Instruments and Equipments of China University of Mining and Technology(No.DYGX-2025-62). （批准号:S202510290276）
