华北农学报2025，Vol.40Issue(z1)：40-53,14.DOI:10.7668/hbnxb.20196587
小麦非生物胁迫响应机制研究进展及抗逆育种展望
Research Progress on Wheat Abiotic Stress Response Mechanisms and Prospects for Stress-Resistant Breeding
摘要
Abstract
Wheat,as one of the world's major food crops,its growth and development,yield,and quality are of-ten constrained by abiotic stresses.To cope with these abiotic stresses,wheat has evolved a series of response mech-anisms,including signal perception,signal transduction,and gene expression regulation,to maintain cellular homeo-stasis and protect the functions of biological macromolecules.Drought stress causes the accumulation of osmotic-ad-justment substances and antioxidants in wheat,a decline in the photosynthetic rate,and alterations in morphological structure.Its molecular mechanisms mainly involve pathways such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)signaling,hor-mone signaling,and gene expression regulation.Saline-alkali stress inhibits seed germination and seedling growth,leading to photosynthetic impairments,osmotic-regulation imbalances,ion-balance disorders,and membrane-lipid ox-idation.Under such circumstances,wheat can enhance salt tolerance by activating the salt overly sensitive(SOS)signaling pathway,calcium-ion signaling,hormone signaling,and gene-expression regulation.Extreme temperature stress inhibits photosynthesis,triggers membrane-lipid oxidation,and promotes the accumulation of osmotic-adjust-ment substances.Its regulatory mechanisms mainly involve hormone signaling,transcriptional activation,and epige-netic regulation.This study reviews the response mechanisms of wheat to drought,saline-alkali,and extreme temper-ature stresses and looks ahead to future research directions:focusing on the cross-interaction mechanisms of multiple stresses and mining genes responsive to combined stresses;effectively integrating stress-resistant traits into high-yield and high-quality genetic backgrounds to achieve the coordinated improvement of ideal plant types and stress resistance;promoting the in-depth integration of modern biotechnology with conventional breeding methods to en-hance breeding efficiency.It aims to provide comprehensive theoretical support and technical references for the ge-netic improvement of wheat's resistance to abiotic stresses.关键词
小麦/非生物胁迫/干旱/盐碱/高温/低温/分子机制Key words
Wheat/Abiotic stress/Drought/Saline-alkali/High temperature/Low temperature/Molecular mechanism分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
吉夏洁,雷雅坤,刘宁,孙丽敏,胡景辉..小麦非生物胁迫响应机制研究进展及抗逆育种展望[J].华北农学报,2025,40(z1):40-53,14.基金项目
河北省农林科学院科技创新人才队伍建设项目(C24R1505,C25R1503) （C24R1505,C25R1503）
