南方建筑Issue(1)：1-11,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2026.01.001
高层办公建筑空间效率的设计协同机理与类型研究
Research on the Design Synergy Mechanism and Types of Space Efficiency in High-rise Office Buildings
摘要
Abstract
High-rise office buildings play an important role in the intensive utilisation of land resources and the promotion of economic development.However,emerging issues such as the blind pursuit of height,heightened safety hazards,and intensified resource waste are leading to spatial efficiency dilemmas.It is common to observe"scale expansion accompanied by efficiency decline","increased core burden because of oversized floor plates",and"conflicts between column grid optimisation and flexibility",thus failing to balance scale output,spatial efficiency,and spatial flexibility.Existing studies either focus on single metrics or remain stuck in empirical generalisations,lacking a systematic and quantifiable analytical framework to guide design decisions directly.Hence,using empirical data from the collaboration mechanism of spatial efficiency and design indicators,this study discloses the coupling relationships between scale,efficiency,and flexibility in high-rise office buildings.Moreover,it establishes a typological system and corresponding threshold rules for evaluating the scheme and controlling the design. The study's quantitative measurement system comprises five spatial efficiency indicators:total usable area of the building,ratio of effective area per standard floor,effective area per unit height,core tube service efficiency ratio,and column grid flexibility index.The design indicators are as follows:plate width,depth,and area of the standard floor;depth,width and proportion of the core tube;vertical transportation area proportion;shortest and longest lease spans;and building height.Data were collected from 40 typical high-rise office building samples across five major urban clusters in China.A k-means clustering analysis was then carried out on the spatial efficiency dataset of samples using the Scikit-learn library in Python.Later,a comparative framework of"benchmark model-deviation direction-threshold band"was constructed based on the sample median(Q2)and interquartile range(IQR),which could provide quantitative explanations for differences in efficiency among different groups. Mathematical derivation shows that the triangular relationships among scale(total usable area of the building and effective area per unit height),efficiency(ratio of effective area per standard floor and core tube service efficiency ratio),and flexibility(column grid flexibility index)are a conditional constraint-driven balance rather than a mathematical zero-sum game.A multi-win layout of these objectives can be achieved by adopting the compact core shape,setting shuttle-zoned elevators,and unifying zoning and modular coordination. These four spatial efficiency prototypes were recognised through an unsupervised clustering of the efficiency indicators:Type A(balanced high-efficiency type),Type B(standardised scale-output type),Type C(constrained high-flexibility type),and Type D(large floor plate and high-output type).Type A maintains balance among scale,efficiency,and flexibility,making it an optimal choice for multi-tenant,high-turnover,and owner-held office buildings;type B emphasises standardised large floor plates,achieving a significant advantage in scale output,though core expansion must be controlled;type C is suitable for small sites and dynamic tenant requirements,maintaining high flexibility through a compact core and a regular modular layout,and type D orients to the headquarters of large corporations and locates in areas with high land cost.While it prioritises the maximisation of single-floor scale and intensity,it has a higher core burden and greater structural rigidity. The study proposes a general workflow of'target locking-index mapping-scheme diagnosis-parameter iteration-drawing finalisation'to transfer the typology results into design practice.This workflow translates the efficiency characteristics of the target type into ranges of"pre-design indicators"that can be directly applied at the design stage.Then,an iterative optimisation was carried out through"single-variable adjustment and triple-objective feedback",avoiding unconscious typological drift during scheme iteration. Finally,the upper limits for core area ratio,vertical transportation area ratio,and standard floor depth,as well as the acceptable range of column grid flexibility,were solidified as control criteria at the technical design and drawing review stages.This created a continuous chain for efficiency control from conceptual design to construction drawings. This study's innovations are threefold:① A proposed analytical framework of"tri-objective trade-off of conditional constraints",which realises the intrinsic coupling mechanism of spatial efficiency in high-rise office buildings;② A quantitative measurement system with"five-dimensional efficiency and ten design indicators"plus four types of efficiency prototypes:it can achieve a complete chain from mechanism to typology.③ A typology-oriented design regression path,further translating the efficiency research into operable,reviewable,and replicable engineering strategies.The research results not only provide a scientific basis for project planning,scheme comparison,product development,and the management of high-rise office building operations,but also important references for improving spatial quality and resource utilisation efficiency in high-density urban development.关键词
高层办公建筑/空间效率/设计指标/协同机理/三角权衡Key words
high-rise office buildings/space efficiency/design indicators/collaborative mechanism/tri-objective trade-off分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
李晓宇,严尚言,陈海林,朱婉淇,孟建民..高层办公建筑空间效率的设计协同机理与类型研究[J].南方建筑,2026,(1):1-11,11.基金项目
广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2023A1515011134):基于BIM数据的超高层建筑设备空间效率模式及其优化策略研究. （2023A1515011134）
