南方建筑Issue(1)：96-106,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2026.01.010
河湟地区传统村落民族互嵌的空间格局、形成机制与保护策略
Spatial Patterns,Formation Mechanisms and Conservation Strategies of Ethnic Intermingling in Traditional Villages of the Hehuang Region
摘要
Abstract
The Hehuang region lies in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau.Here,people from diverse ethnic groups live together and share their cultures.Existing studies have mainly focused on macro-scale patterns of ethnic distribution,paying scant attention to micro-scale inter-ethnic interactions in the villages,or on how these have formed.To fill this gap,this study focuses on identifying the types and characteristics of ethnic spatial inter-embedding patterns in the multi-ethnic traditional villages of the Hehuang region.It aims to elucidate their underlying driving mechanisms,thus enabling a deeper understanding of ethnic relations,optimising rural governance,and protecting cultural heritage. The study built an analytical framework of"ethnic inter-embedding scenarios"suitable for multi-ethnic settlement areas from the interdisciplinary perspectives of ethnology,human geography,and spatial sociology.Based on long-term field surveys,in-depth interviews,and participant observation,the study surveyed traditional villages across the Hehuang region,combined with GIS-based spatial analysis.It also studied the forms and spatial structures of some typical villages in Xunhua,Tongren,and Jianzha,such as Deman,Wumandao,E'jia,and Yanadong,paying particular attention to settlement layout,use of public space,and the distribution of cultural symbols. The findings reveal that the spatial patterns of multi-ethnic traditional villages in the Hehuang region form a continuum from"spatial separation"to"social integration".This continuum can be generalised into three gradient types:clustered separation,boundary permeation,and cellular symbiosis.First,most clustered separation is found in mountainous gorges with poor accessibility.Under the combined influence of natural barriers and cultural boundaries(e.g.Tibetan Buddhist monasteries,mosques,and ancestral temples),relatively independent"clusters"have been formed in different ethnic settlements.At the regional scale,this pattern is characterised by"macro-scale mixed settlement with micro-scale concentration",while the internal structure of each village is highly homogeneous,and routine inter-ethnic interaction is limited.Second,boundary permeation is mainly distributed in border areas between geographically adjacent villages that are relatively homogeneous in ethnic composition,such as Wumandao and E'jia.Although these villages remain separate entities in administrative and settlement terms,the complementarity and sharing of resources such as water,roads,and arable land give rise to a certain degree of economic cooperation and social interaction in the boundary zone.Religious buildings and cultural landmarks are visually juxtaposed across space.This not only reinforces respective cultural identities but also delineates spatial interfaces for interaction and negotiation.Third,cellular symbiosis is predominantly found in river valleys and alluvial plains with relatively convenient transportation,such as Yanadong.Different ethnic groups are highly intermingled within the same village;houses and streets nestle in a cell-like pattern,and religious buildings such as mosques and Mani houses adjust to one another in form and layout,jointly constituting a multi-core and decentralised network of public spaces.In such villages,inter-ethnic interaction is frequent,and the system of cultural symbols exhibits pronounced hybridity and overlap. Further analysis indicates that the emergence of these gradient patterns is driven by the coordinated effects of nature,economy,culture,and history.First,natural geographical conditions,such as vertical zonality,degrees of topographic enclosure,and transport accessibility,provide the spatial foundation for different types of inter-embedding.Second,livelihood strategies represented by agro-pastoral complementarity,trade exchanges,and inter-village labour mobility serve as key forces propelling villages from separation toward integration.On the one hand,religious beliefs and social culture determine boundaries through religious architectural and ritual activities.On the other hand,they create opportunities and conditions for deep integration through festival visits and multilingual communication.Fourth,historical processes and policy orientations,including state-led agricultural activities,the opening of trade routes,and resettlement policies,as well as contemporary rural revitalisation and development policies for ethnic regions,have cumulative effects on population mobility,resource allocation,and spatial structure,thus shaping long-term ethnic inter-embedding patterns. The gradient inter-embedding model and its"four-dimensional synergy"driving mechanism proposed in this study systematically reveal the complexity and dynamism of multi-ethnic village spatial patterns in the Hehuang region and provide a transferable analytical framework for understanding"space-society"interactions in other multi-ethnic areas of China.The study further suggests that differentiated strategies based on specific types of inter-embedding patterns,rather than the"one-size-fits-all"approach,shall be adopted for rural conservation and development in ethnic regions.For clustered separation villages,priority should be given to consolidation and conservation,protecting the integrity of local ecological environments and traditional cultural configurations.Boundary permeation villages shall focus on enhancing connectivity by improving shared infrastructure and common spaces,thereby strengthening cross-border cooperation and mutual trust.Cellular symbiosis villages emphasise institutional and cultural innovation,exploring pluralistic co-governance in grassroots governance models,public space organisation,and modes of cultural expression,aiming to maintain and further deepen existing patterns of social integration.These research results foster harmonious ethnic relations,safeguard and revitalise regional cultural heritage,and promote sustainable rural development.关键词
民族互嵌/河湟地区/传统村落/空间格局/梯度分异/保护策略Key words
ethnic inter-embedding/Hehuang Region/traditional villages/spatial patterns/gradient differentiation/conservation strategies分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
张耀珑,李军环..河湟地区传统村落民族互嵌的空间格局、形成机制与保护策略[J].南方建筑,2026,(1):96-106,11.基金项目
教育部人文社科规划青年基金项目(23YJC760165):日常生活理论视角下河湟地区传统村落空间特征认知与当代活化传承路径研究 （23YJC760165）
甘肃省科技计划项目-软科学专项(23JRZM496):甘肃省传统村落空间地域特征的当代传承机制研究 （23JRZM496）
甘肃省高校教师创新基金(2025B-207):民族互嵌格局下甘肃省民族聚落空间演变与适应性优化方法研究. （2025B-207）
