山东农业科学2026，Vol.58Issue(1)：27-35,9.DOI:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2026.01.004
102份苹果属海棠种(品种)花部表型多样性研究
Study on Phenotypic Diversity of Flowers of 102 Crabapple Species(Varieties)
摘要
Abstract
In order to ascertain the phenotypic diversity of flowers of crabapples(Malus spp.),17 flower traits of 102 crabapple species(varieties)including eight quantitative traits(petal number,flower diameter,pedicel length,petal length,petal width,pistil number,stamen number and number of inflorescences flow-ers)and nine qualitative traits(petal shape,petal type,flower type,petal arrangement,petal status,pedicel status,calyx status,flower quantity and flower color)were investigated and analyzed with diversity analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the variation coefficients of the eight quantitative traits of flowers ranged from 18.3%to 35.3%,and the highest variation coefficient existed in petal number.The Shannon-Wiener information index(H)and Simpson diversity index(D)of the nine qualitative traits ranged from 0.250 to 1.481 and 0.113 to 0.856,respectively,and the petal shape and petal state had the highest H and D value,respectively.The results of correlation analysis showed that there were significant or highly significant correlations between most flower traits of the 102 crabapples,and 10 pairs of highly significant correlations were observed.Principal component analysis transformed the 8 quantitative flower traits into 3 principal components with a cumulative contribution of 64.8%,largely reflec-ting most flower phenotypic trait information of the crabapples.From the load value of each trait,6 phenotypic characters including petal number,flower diameter,pedicel length,petal length,petal width and stamen number were the main factors causing phenotypic differences in crabapple flowers.Cluster analysis showed that the 102 crabapples were divided into six groups at an Euclidean distance of 10.5:group Ⅰcould be used for breeding deep-cup medium flower type and white flower color varieties;group Ⅱ could be used for breeding shallow-cup medium flower type,pink and white flower color varieties;group Ⅲ could be used for breeding shallow-cup small flower type,pink-white and pink flower color varieties;groupⅣcould be used for breeding shallow-cup large flower type and pink-white flower color varieties;groupⅤcould be used for breeding shal-low-cup large flower type and white flower color varieties;and group Ⅵ could be used for breeding flat and small flower type and pink flower color varieties.Malus spectabilis,Malus ioensis and Malus'Kelsey'had the longest flowering period of up to 17 days among the 102 crabapples.In conclusion,the flower phenotypes of the 102 crabapples had rich genetic diversity,which could provide theoretical basis for further development and utilization of crabapple germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties.关键词
海棠/花/表型性状/多样性分析Key words
Crabapple/Flower/Phenotype traits/Diversity analysis分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
袁雨凡,赵永发,马荣群,胡学意,孙吉禄,郭绍霞,葛红娟..102份苹果属海棠种(品种)花部表型多样性研究[J].山东农业科学,2026,58(1):27-35,9.基金项目
国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-27) （CARS-27）
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2024MC117) （ZR2024MC117）
山东省重点研发计划项目(2024TZXD037) （2024TZXD037）
山东省农业良种工程项目(2023LZGCQY007) （2023LZGCQY007）
