铁道运输与经济2026，Vol.48Issue(2)：15-28,14.DOI:10.16668/j.cnki.issn.1003-1421.20250619002
铁路空车调配问题理论模型与方法研究综述
Review of Theoretical Models and Methods of Railway Empty Wagon Allocation Problems
摘要
Abstract
Railway empty wagon allocation is a core link of freight organization and directly affects transportation efficiency and operational costs.Based on the"problem-model-algorithm"three-dimensional framework,this paper systematically reviewed the research progress in this field.The results indicate that empty wagon allocation is mainly influenced by three key factors,including characteristics of transportation network structure,demand uncertainty,and operational cost structure.These factors interact nonlinearly,resulting in decreased wagon utilization.In terms of theoretical models,deterministic allocation adopts classical models such as linear programming,while uncertain allocation employs methods including stochastic programming,fuzzy programming,and robust optimization.Specifically,collaborative optimization models such as the"empty wagon-loaded wagon-train service"three-layer service network provide new perspectives for improving allocation accuracy.At the algorithmic level,traditional optimization algorithms are applicable to small-scale railway networks,while hybrid intelligent optimization algorithms demonstrate significant advantages in solving large-scale problems.However,existing studies still have limitations,including insufficient research on uncertainty,imperfect multi-agent collaborative optimization mechanisms,and incomplete carbon accounting systems.Future research should focus on making breakthroughs in robust optimization-based methods for addressing uncertainty in empty wagon allocation,multi-objective collaborative optimization technologies,and green and low-carbon scheduling strategies,thereby facilitating the evolution of railway empty wagon allocation systems toward sustainable development,collaborative operation,and intelligent decision-making.关键词
铁路空车调配/不确定性优化/协同调度/智能算法/低碳运输Key words
Railway Empty Wagon Allocation/Uncertainty Optimization/Collaborative Scheduling/Intelligent Algorithm/Low-Carbon Transportation分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
何国强,杨建新,向万里..铁路空车调配问题理论模型与方法研究综述[J].铁道运输与经济,2026,48(2):15-28,14.基金项目
中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司科研项目(LZJKY2025016) （LZJKY2025016）
