中国农业科学2026，Vol.59Issue(2)：336-353,18.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.02.009
水氮周年优化对豫北灌区小麦玉米轮作系统产量和氮迁移的影响
Effects of Annual Water and Nitrogen Optimization on Yield and Nitrogen Migration of Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Irrigation Area of Northern Henan
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To address the issues of excessive nitrogen application and water scarcity in the irrigation area of northern Henan,the aim of this study was to explore the regulating effect of annual water and nitrogen optimization(reducing water and nitrogen by 25%)on crop growth and nitrogen loss in the wheat-maize rotation system,so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable agricultural practices in the wheat-maize rotation system of this region.[Method]A five-year(2018-2023)field experiment was conducted in Huaxian County,Anyang City of Henan province,and three water and nitrogen management treatments were set up:local traditional water and nitrogen treatment(TP,annual nitrogen application of 552.0 kg·hm-2 combined with irrigation of 270.0 mm),nitrogen factor optimization treatment(OF,annual nitrogen application of 414.0 kg·hm-2 combined with irrigation of 270.0 mm),and water and nitrogen factor optimization treatment(OWF,annual nitrogen application of 414.0 kg·hm-2 combined with irrigation of 202.5 mm).The effects of annual water and nitrogen optimization on the yield,biomass,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen harvest index(NHI),nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP),and nitrogen uptake and physiological efficiency(NUPE),soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen content,nitrogen leaching and runoff,and annual nitrogen balance of the wheat-maize rotation system were studied.[Result]Compared with TP and OF treatments,OWF treatment had no significant effect on the annual average yield,aboveground biomass,grain nitrogen accumulation,and aboveground nitrogen accumulation of wheat and maize,but significantly increased NPFP by 31.4%and 0.9%,NUPE by 28.5%and 0.1%,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation among yield,biomass,grain nitrogen accumulation,and aboveground nitrogen accumulation.The annual optimization of water and nitrogen management significantly reduced soil moisture content and NO3--N content at different growth stages.Compared with TP and OF treatments,OWF treatment resulted in a significant reduction in soil moisture content by 6.6%and 9.6%,respectively,and a significant decrease in NO3--N content by 46.1%and 37.9%,respectively.The wheat season and maize season accounted for 2.9%and 97.1%of the annual average nitrogen leaching loss,respectively.The annual average nitrogen leaching losses under TP,OF,and OWF treatments were 52.9,45.8,and 39.6 kg·hm-2,respectively.Compared with TP and OF treatments,OWF treatment significantly reduced the annual average NO3--N leaching loss by 25.2%and 13.5%,respectively,and decreased NO3--N surface runoff by 32.0%and 18.1%,respectively.The annual average nitrogen surplus in the irrigation area of northern Henan was 60.6 kg·hm-2.Compared with TP treatment,the nitrogen surplus under OWF treatment was reduced by 81.9%,while compared with OF treatment,it was increased by 20.8%.[Conclusion]Annual water and nitrogen optimization could maintain stable crop yields in the wheat-maize rotation system while enhancing the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen resources.This approach significantly reduced soil nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)content across the 0-100 cm soil layers,mitigated NO3--N leaching,promoted soil nitrogen balance,and reduced the risk of non-point source pollution in the irrigation area of northern Henan.These results demonstrated that water and nitrogen optimization served as a green and efficient management measure for the wheat-maize rotation system in this region.关键词
小麦/玉米/轮作/氮迁移/水氮周年优化/产量/氮肥偏生产力/氮淋溶/氮平衡Key words
wheat/maize/rotation/nitrogen migration/annual water-nitrogen optimization/crop yield/nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity/nitrogen leaching/nitrogen balance引用本文复制引用
张志勇,谭世超,熊淑萍,马新明,韦一昊,王小纯..水氮周年优化对豫北灌区小麦玉米轮作系统产量和氮迁移的影响[J].中国农业科学,2026,59(2):336-353,18.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700900)、河南省科技攻关项目(242102111170) （2021YFD1700900）
