中国人口·资源与环境2025，Vol.35Issue(12)：181-194,14.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20250119
国家重点生态功能区政策红利的实现机制
Realization mechanisms of policy dividends in National Key Ecological Function Zones:from the perspective of carbon sink enhancement and income growth
摘要
Abstract
China's National Key Ecological Function Zones(NKEFZs)serve not only as a policy guarantee for building a national"eco-logical security barrier"but also as a strategic instrument for promoting green and low-carbon transformation and regionally coordinated development.Since the initial designation of NKEFZs largely overlapped spatially with impoverished areas,a critical challenge in poli-cy implementation has been how to synergistically enhance ecological and economic benefits.This study examined 582 NKEFZs across China,utilizing county-level panel data from 2005 to 2021 and employing a multi-period difference-in-differences model to evaluate the policy's carbon sink enhancement and income growth.It further explored the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of fiscal ex-penditure,green finance,ecotourism,and industrial structure upgrading.Furthermore,regional heterogeneity was analyzed based on the north-south geographical divide and variations in ecological function types.The findings indicated that:① The establishment of NKE-FZs had a significant and positive impact on both per capita carbon sink and per capita rural income.This conclusion remained valid af-ter expected effect tests,heterogeneous robustness tests,double machine learning-based causal inference,and the exclusion of other po-tential policy interventions.② Mechanism analysis revealed that NKEFZs enhanced per capita carbon sink and rural per capita income through four pathways:optimizing fiscal expenditure,developing green finance,promoting ecotourism,and facilitating industrial struc-ture upgrading.③ Heterogeneity analysis showed that water conservation,soil conservation,and biodiversity maintenance zones exhib-ited significant carbon sink enhancement effects,while soil conservation and biodiversity maintenance zones demonstrated significant income growth effects.In contrast,windbreak and sand-fixation zones displayed policy time lags in both dimensions.The carbon sink and income effects were significant in southern China,whereas the income effect in northern China showed a certain degree of delay.In light of these findings,the study recommends continuously advancing the implementation of the NKEFZ policy and improving support-ing measures;actively promoting industrial transformation and upgrading towards ecological industrialization and industrial ecology;and establishing a collaborative governance system centered on"carbon reduction,carbon sink enhancement,market mechanisms,and institutional construction,"consolidating the ecological and economic foundation through carbon emission reduction and carbon sink en-hancement,amplifying effects by leveraging market mechanisms,and removing barriers through implementing institutional reforms.关键词
生态功能区/政策效应/多时点双重差分模型/人均碳汇/人均收入Key words
Ecological Function Zone/policy effect/multi-period difference-in-differences model/per capita carbon sink/per capita income分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
郭仕利,薛寒忆,邵东旭,徐定德..国家重点生态功能区政策红利的实现机制[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2025,35(12):181-194,14.基金项目
中央高校基本科研业务费项目"农业劳动力非农转移对耕地生态效率的影响研究"(批准号:JBK2406029) （批准号:JBK2406029）
国家自然科学基金项目"生态流空间通达性视角下财政转移支付对农户生计作用机制与调控——以国家重点生态功能区为例"(批准号:41601614). （批准号:41601614）
