北京大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.62Issue(1)：1-20,20.DOI:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.070
人工智能将全面取代人类吗?Ⅰ.基于人工智能与人类智能工作条件和优势的任务特征-分类模型
Will Artificial Intelligence(AI)Completely Replace Humans?Ⅰ.A Task Characteristics-Classification Model Based on the Functional Requirements and Advantages of AI and Human Intelligence
摘要
Abstract
This paper examines the working conditions and advantages of artificial intelligence(AI)and human intelligence(HI)concerning task input,processing,output,and constraints,leading to the identification of eleven AI-HI task characteristics.Based on these characteristics,we develop four AI-HI indices:AI Usability Index,AI Superiority Index,HI Superiority Index,and HI Safety Index.These indices inform a proposed typology of four task types:AI Non-Usable,AI Superior,AI-HI Collaborative,and HI Superior.This framework underpins a novel AI-HI task characteristic-classification model.Finally,taking accounting tasks as a case,the model is applied to analyze nineteen core accounting tasks,and assess their AI-HI characteristics,indices,and resultant classifications.The result can provide a rigorous analysis of the division of labor and substitution between AI and HI,offering a theoretical foundation for a transition from adversarial to symbiotic collaboration.关键词
人工智能/人类智能/任务特征/任务分类Key words
artificial intelligence/human intelligence/task characteristics/task classification引用本文复制引用
张燕,王海珍..人工智能将全面取代人类吗?Ⅰ.基于人工智能与人类智能工作条件和优势的任务特征-分类模型[J].北京大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,62(1):1-20,20.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(72472003)和教育部人文社会科学基金(22YJC630130)资助 （72472003）
