电子学报2025，Vol.53Issue(10)：3473-3482,10.DOI:10.12263/DZXB.20250392
基于稀疏重建的频率扫描漏波天线设计
Design of Frequency-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Sparse Reconstruction
摘要
Abstract
Waveguide slot array antennas are crucial radiating components in microwave and millimeter-wave sys-tems.The operational principle relies on the slots interrupting the surface currents on the waveguide walls,thereby generat-ing radiation.By designing the offset,inclination angle,and length of the slots,as well as their arrangement on the wave-guide(e.g.,resonant or non-resonant arrays),the antenna's radiation pattern,polarization,and impedance characteristics can be controlled.Common array configurations include longitudinal slots alternately offset on either side of the broad-wall cen-terline(used to form broadside arrays)and inclined slots at a certain angle to the axis(which can be used for frequency scan-ning or circular polarization).This type of antenna offers advantages such as a compact structure,high power capacity,and low loss,making it widely applicable in radar,communications,and electronic countermeasures.Traditional uniformly spaced linear waveguide slot arrays have limitations in frequency scanning range and sidelobe suppression.To overcome these constraints,this paper presents the design and fabrication of a serpentine ridge waveguide slot array antenna with a center frequency of 15.35 GHz.This structure innovatively incorporates a serpentine slow-wave line,which increases the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave and significantly enhances the equivalent propagation phase constant.As a re-sult,a larger beam deflection is achieved for a given frequency change,enabling a wider angular frequency scan.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna achieves a wide-angle frequency scan from-30° to+30°,of-fering broad coverage while maintaining excellent low sidelobe characteristics throughout the scanning process.Further-more,the structure is compact and low-profile,making it suitable for integrated systems with strict space requirements.To further enhance performance,this paper employs the M-FOCUSS synthesis algorithm:which integrates the multiple mea-surement vectors(MMV)and the focal underdetermined system solver(FOCUSS):to sparsely optimize the array.This method reduces the number of slot elements by approximately 28%while preserving radiation performance,achieving a sid-elobe level of approximately-18 dB and maintaining favorable frequency scanning characteristics.The sparsification reduc-es the aperture area on the waveguide surface,increasing the power capacity by about 40%,which is significant for high-power applications.Experimental measurements show good agreement with full-wave simulation results,validating the ef-fectiveness of the serpentine ridge waveguide structure in expanding the beam scanning range and the practical value of the M-FOCUSS sparse synthesis method.This design provides a new approach for achieving wide-angle frequency scanning and low sidelobe performance in waveguide slot antennas,while also demonstrating the potential of sparse arrays in enhanc-ing power capacity and reducing manufacturing costs.It offers valuable insights for the development of next-generation high-performance scanning antennas.关键词
波导缝隙天线/脊波导/频扫天线/低副瓣/稀疏天线Key words
waveguide slot antenna/ridge waveguide/frequency-scanning antenna/low sidelobe/sparse antenna分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
李远航,顾鹏飞,赵辉,何姿,樊振宏,丁大志..基于稀疏重建的频率扫描漏波天线设计[J].电子学报,2025,53(10):3473-3482,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(No.62431012,No.62271256,No.62025109,No.32261133623) （No.62431012,No.62271256,No.62025109,No.32261133623）
江苏省重点研发计划项目(No.BE2022070) （No.BE2022070）
南京理工大学自主科研专项计划项目(No.30922010703) National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62431012,No.62271256,No.62025109,No.32261133623) （No.30922010703）
Primary Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2022070) （No.BE2022070）
Fundamental Research Funds for the Nanjing University of Science and Technology(No.30922010703) （No.30922010703）
