电力科技与环保2026，Vol.42Issue(1)：159-172,14.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.01.016
太阳能光伏组件灰尘积聚对发电的影响
Impact of solar PV panel dust accumulation on power generation
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Photovoltaic power generation is one of the important ways to develop renewable energy,the optical and electrical properties of photovoltaic modules are easily affected by atmospheric dust,dust deposition on photovoltaic modules will make the photovoltaic panels transmittance,reflectance and other optical parameters to produce varying degrees of loss,significantly reduce the photovoltaic panels power generation efficiency,the maximum generating power and other electrical properties,resulting in a certain amount of energy loss and reduce its This results in energy loss and reduces its service life.In order to solve these problems and challenges that may affect PV power generation,appropriate cleaning measures for PV modules are needed to ensure their performance and power output.[Methods]The effects of dust deposition on the optical,electrical and thermal properties of PV modules are summarized by reviewing domestic and international literature.Based on the experimental data and theoretical modeling,a quantitative relationship between the accumulated density of dust and PV performance parameters(e.g.,transmittance,output power,cell temperature)was established.Meanwhile,the cost,efficiency and applicable scenarios of manual cleaning,mechanical cleaning(water-based cleaning,forced airflow,vibration,ultrasonic),self-cleaning coatings(super-hydrophobic,super-hydrophilic,motorized screen)and intelligent cleaning(robots,drones)are compared and analyzed,and the effects are verified with practical cases.[Results]The study shows that the effect of dust deposition on photovoltaic performance is significantly regional and composition-dependent.Kaolin can reduce the transmittance to 50%at 20 g/m² deposition density,and cubic particles lead to more severe transmittance loss than spherical particles.In terms of electrical performance,dust coverage can lead to a reduction in short-circuit current of up to 98%and a decrease in maximum power output of 8.41%to 73.51%.For thermal performance,dust accumulation triggers a localized temperature rise of up to 10 ℃,accelerating module aging.Model predictions show that a 1 g/m² increase in dust density reduces reflectivity by 9.4%.Among the cleaning technologies,intelligent methods(robots,drones)are the most efficient,with a dust removal rate of 92.46%,and the power generation efficiency can be increased by 49.53%,but the cost and maintenance needs are high;self-cleaning coatings do not require human intervention,but have poor abrasion resistance.[Conclusion]This paper can provide certain R&D ideas and suggestions for related design,operation and researchers in the field of photovoltaic power generation,and better improve and solve the problem of the impact of dust deposition on the power generation performance of photovoltaic modules.关键词
灰尘沉积/光伏性能/清洁方法/机械清洁/智能化清洁Key words
dust deposition/photovoltaic performance/cleaning methods/mechanical cleaning/intelligent cleaning分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
成闻,胡诗志,陈以文,尹倩,何旭,万乐陶..太阳能光伏组件灰尘积聚对发电的影响[J].电力科技与环保,2026,42(1):159-172,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52406251) （52406251）
