灌溉排水学报2026，Vol.45Issue(2)：63-72,10.DOI:10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025108
南阳盆地砂姜黑土小麦氮肥追施策略及其生理基础研究
Effect of nitrogen top addressing on physiological traits of wheat(T.aestivum L.)in Shajiang black soil
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Shajiang black soil is a typical calcareous soil characterized by high clay content and seasonal waterlogging,where optimal fertilization and water management are critical for sustaining crop production.This paper presents the results of a field experiment that investigated the effects of nitrogen(N)topdressing timing on wheat physiological traits,antioxidant enzyme activity,and cell membrane permeability of wheat grown in this type of soil.[Method]The experiment was conducted from October 2022 to May 2024 in a wheat field within the Nanyang Basin in central China,using the wheat variety'Bainong 207'as the model plant.Four N topdressing treatments were designed,with 50％of the total N applied as basal fertilizer and the remaining 50％topdressed at regreening stage(T1),jointing stage(T2),booting stage(T3),or heading stage(T4).The control treatment(CK)was to apply the 100％of N as basal fertilization without additional topdressing.During the experiment,we measured leaf area index(LAI),activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase(RuBPCase),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),as well as cell membrane permeability of the wheat.[Result]Delaying N topdressing from regreening stage to heading stage significantly reduced the activity of RuBPCase,SOD,and POD,slowed the increase in LAI and cell membrane permeability.Compared with CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4 increased grain yield by 2.3％,21.6％,17.9％and 9.5％in the 2022-2023 growing season,and by 1.5％,21.2％,17.2％,and 9.7％in the 2023-2024,respectively.The yield differences between T2/T3/T4 and CK were statistically significant(P＜0.05),with T2 giving the highest yield increase.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that wheat grain yield was positively correlated with the activity of RuBPCase,SOD,POD,LAI and photosynthetic potential(P＜0.05),but negatively correlated with cell membrane permeability(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]In low-to-moderate productivity Shajiang black soil in the Nanyang Basin,optimizing N topdressing timing can enhance wheat photosynthetic capacity,extend the photosynthetic period of flag leaves,improve antioxidant enzyme activity,and reduce cell membrane permeability,ultimately increasing grain yield.Among all tested treatments,applying 50％of N as basal fertilizer with the remaining 50％N topdressed at the jointing stage is the optimal N fertilization for maximizing wheat yield.关键词
砂姜黑土/小麦/氮肥追施策略/生理基础Key words
Shajiang black soil/wheat/nitrogen topdressing strategy/physiological foundation分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李玉鹏,田花丽,杨辉,王清华,简俊涛,贺德先,李阳飞,刘峰..南阳盆地砂姜黑土小麦氮肥追施策略及其生理基础研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(2):63-72,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFD2300802) （2022YFD2300802）
