航空学报2026，Vol.47Issue(4)：14-30,17.DOI:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32234
多旋翼近水面效应气动特性实验
Experiment on aerodynamic characteristics of near-water effect of multi-rotor
摘要
Abstract
When the cross-medium vehicle approach the water surface,the interaction between its downwash flow and the water surface generates mixed air-water flows.In this flow field,the rotor exhibits aerodynamic characteristics distinctly different from in-ground effect,a phenomenon known as the near-water effect.Compared to the near-water effect of single-rotor,the near-water effect of multi-rotor becomes more complex due to the aerodynamic interference be-tween rotors and the coupling of their respective induced mixed air-water flows.Given the current lack of understanding of the near-water effect of multi-rotor,experiments are conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of multi-rotors near the water surface,measuring the aerodynamic forces and rotational speeds under different blade tip clear-ances and hovering heights.Combining the existing research on the near-ground wake structure of multi-rotor and the observed morphology of the mixed air-water flows,a preliminary cognitive framework of the near-water effect of multi-rotor is established,categorized as"merging,contacting and separating".Under different mixed air-water flows condi-tions,the merging mode with the closest blade tip clearance exhibits the best aerodynamic performance.As the blade tip clearance increases,the contacting mode at a relatively higher distance from the water surface shows no significant thrust loss,whereas the contacting mode closer to the water surface results in a notable reduction in the rotor thrust coef-ficient.Additionally,in the separating mode with the largest blade tip clearance,the strong interaction between the water droplets generated by the rotor-water interaction and the rotor leads to a sharp increase in rotor torque.关键词
跨介质飞行器/多旋翼/近水面效应/液滴/水气交混流场/喷泉效应Key words
cross-medium vehicle/multi-rotor/near-water effect/droplets/mixed air-water flows/fountain effect分类
航空航天引用本文复制引用
王宇,白兴之,张代贤,林泽铖,范召林,吴文华..多旋翼近水面效应气动特性实验[J].航空学报,2026,47(4):14-30,17.基金项目
国家级项目National Level Project （）
